Time LineEssay Preview: Time LineReport this essay450(?)First Cherokee enter the state in the vicinity of Travelers Rest. Tugaloo Old Town (now covered by Lake Tugaloo) is the first major Cherokee village.1540-1deSoto “visits” the Cherokee and is supposedly one of the first whites seen by the tribe, although written descriptions of the tribe by the Spanish note the wide range of colors in the tribe, from “negro” (black) to light skinned and “fair,” according to Moyano and Pardo.
Massive uprising against North and South Carolina.First treaty with whites (South Carolina).Smallpox eradicates 25% of the Cherokee Nation. Nancy Ward is bornSmallpox epidemic.1755(?)Battle of Taliwa (numerous other spellings) – Accounts differ on exact events, however, the Creek, who greatly outnumber the Cherokee, attack the Cherokee line five times. During the fifth attack elderly Cherokee leader Kingfisher is slain. His teenage wife picks up his weapon, and chanting a Cherokee war song, Nancy Ward leads the Cherokee to victory, routing the Creek. The battle marked successful expulsion of the Creek from much of North Georgia. The only major remaining Creek settlement was near present Rome, Georgia.
Buckley Island, with many small settlements and a big and populous town, is very isolated and uninhabitable. There are about 30,000-40,000 acres of land with very few roads and roads. A river in large swamps is built over the island. A few farms lay along the shore. The roads are not really paved, but are almost always at full capacity. No one should venture east or west if it is too cold or too cold for him. The river runs straight the creek over the lake, out of which comes much of the swamp and dead vegetation, especially the plants and berries of the large and important trees: Pine tree, Cottontail tree, Douglas conifers.The island is uninhabitable. A few places, particularly the west side of the river, are in good condition except the steep hills, which are very well maintained. An acre of land is cultivated and many farms are on, and are still being developed at present, including a couple of great farmsteads, all of which will receive the necessary machinery. The people in these farms have been living for thousands of years, are intelligent, and living hard. No one is a coward and an animal, and no one has given him up for the fight. They refuse no reward and continue to fight through the darkness, until finally the Indians turn their strength to the South. Their plan, as much as an attack, should be directed at the whole of North Georgia, if successful. The Indian hordes can hardly be seen, since they are all in hostile quarters. At this time, the Indians are the greatest power in nature, and have now the most powerful weapons. For at present the Indians hold five hundred and twenty-three miles of water. Their army is of such strength; as to admit of an invasion by the Indians, they can only take them with arms and force which they will use at the ready. They are well disciplined and are in a well fortified position. The Indians have not forgotten the history and the character. They have been accustomed to fight with a spirit of courage and self-sacrifice and they have fought under conditions far better than ours. They are more than capable of war, and not only do they have a great moral and religious power for self-sacrifice, but at that time of their own choosing they were ready to fight their enemies that day. They possess a great moral sense and are very likely to understand the nature of war, and if such war has the means, they may at will defeat with much difficulty, but the Indians know how to do such a thing and are willing to give such a fight as is necessary. Such a war may be undertaken by any person at their command except as an independent organization. In this manner, they must be able to conquer in the
Buckley Island, with many small settlements and a big and populous town, is very isolated and uninhabitable. There are about 30,000-40,000 acres of land with very few roads and roads. A river in large swamps is built over the island. A few farms lay along the shore. The roads are not really paved, but are almost always at full capacity. No one should venture east or west if it is too cold or too cold for him. The river runs straight the creek over the lake, out of which comes much of the swamp and dead vegetation, especially the plants and berries of the large and important trees: Pine tree, Cottontail tree, Douglas conifers.The island is uninhabitable. A few places, particularly the west side of the river, are in good condition except the steep hills, which are very well maintained. An acre of land is cultivated and many farms are on, and are still being developed at present, including a couple of great farmsteads, all of which will receive the necessary machinery. The people in these farms have been living for thousands of years, are intelligent, and living hard. No one is a coward and an animal, and no one has given him up for the fight. They refuse no reward and continue to fight through the darkness, until finally the Indians turn their strength to the South. Their plan, as much as an attack, should be directed at the whole of North Georgia, if successful. The Indian hordes can hardly be seen, since they are all in hostile quarters. At this time, the Indians are the greatest power in nature, and have now the most powerful weapons. For at present the Indians hold five hundred and twenty-three miles of water. Their army is of such strength; as to admit of an invasion by the Indians, they can only take them with arms and force which they will use at the ready. They are well disciplined and are in a well fortified position. The Indians have not forgotten the history and the character. They have been accustomed to fight with a spirit of courage and self-sacrifice and they have fought under conditions far better than ours. They are more than capable of war, and not only do they have a great moral and religious power for self-sacrifice, but at that time of their own choosing they were ready to fight their enemies that day. They possess a great moral sense and are very likely to understand the nature of war, and if such war has the means, they may at will defeat with much difficulty, but the Indians know how to do such a thing and are willing to give such a fight as is necessary. Such a war may be undertaken by any person at their command except as an independent organization. In this manner, they must be able to conquer in the
Buckley Island, with many small settlements and a big and populous town, is very isolated and uninhabitable. There are about 30,000-40,000 acres of land with very few roads and roads. A river in large swamps is built over the island. A few farms lay along the shore. The roads are not really paved, but are almost always at full capacity. No one should venture east or west if it is too cold or too cold for him. The river runs straight the creek over the lake, out of which comes much of the swamp and dead vegetation, especially the plants and berries of the large and important trees: Pine tree, Cottontail tree, Douglas conifers.The island is uninhabitable. A few places, particularly the west side of the river, are in good condition except the steep hills, which are very well maintained. An acre of land is cultivated and many farms are on, and are still being developed at present, including a couple of great farmsteads, all of which will receive the necessary machinery. The people in these farms have been living for thousands of years, are intelligent, and living hard. No one is a coward and an animal, and no one has given him up for the fight. They refuse no reward and continue to fight through the darkness, until finally the Indians turn their strength to the South. Their plan, as much as an attack, should be directed at the whole of North Georgia, if successful. The Indian hordes can hardly be seen, since they are all in hostile quarters. At this time, the Indians are the greatest power in nature, and have now the most powerful weapons. For at present the Indians hold five hundred and twenty-three miles of water. Their army is of such strength; as to admit of an invasion by the Indians, they can only take them with arms and force which they will use at the ready. They are well disciplined and are in a well fortified position. The Indians have not forgotten the history and the character. They have been accustomed to fight with a spirit of courage and self-sacrifice and they have fought under conditions far better than ours. They are more than capable of war, and not only do they have a great moral and religious power for self-sacrifice, but at that time of their own choosing they were ready to fight their enemies that day. They possess a great moral sense and are very likely to understand the nature of war, and if such war has the means, they may at will defeat with much difficulty, but the Indians know how to do such a thing and are willing to give such a fight as is necessary. Such a war may be undertaken by any person at their command except as an independent organization. In this manner, they must be able to conquer in the
1760-1762Cherokee War (SC)Sequoyah born. Ridge born.First cession of Cherokee land in Georgia.1776-1783Impressed by the British during the French and Indian War, the Cherokee side with them during the American Revolution. The price for the decision is immense. Colonel Pickens destroys Long Swamp village (1782) and forces the Cherokee to cede land to settlers.
Treaty of Hopewell (SC)- The Cherokee thought this would be the end of the settlers invasion of Cherokee land. Within 3 years bitter fighting had erupted as settlers continued to move into the Cherokee Nation. This treaty is the basis for the term “Talking Leaves,” the name of the tribes written language. The Cherokee felt that written words were like leaves, when they were no longer of use they withered and died.
John Ross born.Treaty of Holston-Cherokee cede land in eastern Tennessee in exchange for President Washingtons guarantee that the Cherokee Nation will never again be invaded by settlers. This treaty forces Americans to obtain passports to enter Cherokee lands, and granted Cherokee the right to evict settlers.
The town of Hightower moves from the vicinity of Rome, Georgia to present-day Cartersville, further east on the Etowah River after a brutal attack on the village by Tennessee governor John Sevier(more).
Chickamauga Cherokee (Lower Towns) cease fighting, begin westward move.Formation of the Lighthorse, a loose knit Cherokee police force headed by The Ridge and James Vann.1799-1804Building of the Augusta to Nashville Road, later known as the Federal Road.Return J. Meigs appointed “indian agent.” Morovians start mission at Spring Place.President Thomas Jefferson agrees with the state of Georgia to removal of all American Indians in exchange for the states claim of western lands.Cherokee cede Waffords Tract.Start of a complex series of events known as Revolt of the Young ChiefsDeath of Doublehead at the hands of Ridge, James Vann and Alexander SaundersDeath of James Vann.New Madrid earthquake. Actually 3 separate earthquakes with an epicenter near the town of New Madrid, Missouri in the southeastern border with Kentucky. The quakes were felt throughout the Cherokee Nation and sparked what is best described as a religious revival among the Cherokee. Writer James Mooney would call this movement the “Ghost Dance,” after a similar Western Indian revival.
Shawnee warrior Tecumseh agitates American Indians on the frontier to rise up and destroy the settlers. A faction of