Hiv AidsTransmission of InfectionThe transmission of HIV requires contact with a body fluid that contains the virus or infected cells. HIV can appear in nearly any body fluid, but transmission occurs mainly through blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. Although tears, urine, and saliva may contain low concentrations of HIV, transmission through these fluids is extremely rare, if it occurs at all. HIV is not transmitted by casual contact (such as touching, holding, or dry kissing) or by close, nonsexual contact at work, school, or home. No case of HIV transmission has been traced to the coughing or sneezing of an infected person or to a mosquito bite. Transmission from an infected doctor or dentist to a patient is extremely rare.
Lion DiseasesCases of Viral Infection and FeverHIV should be treated with medications, if available. Some symptoms of HIV virus can include fever and pain, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, weight loss, and shortness of breath. Treatment is best during the first few hours of life. If this is the case, follow-up medication might be useful but at a later date if it does not treat the symptoms or cause relief. Symptoms should be gradually reduced or stopped at least 24 hours before transmission (see Clinical and Biological Research).If HIV virus is found to be present in bodily fluids and in blood or urine or through contaminated food, drink, or smoking, seek emergency medical care. If no other medication is available, seek the advice of a health care professional unless the virus has been isolated in the first place. If infected with the virus within 2 days after any of the following symptoms appear, seek immediate emergency care or go to the hospital. Seek immediate, medical, and surgical advice. All infections in the same body fluids or under the same circumstances should be treated with adequate precautions. A viral isolation test should be done, particularly if a blood test is needed. If virus infection is determined to be an infection occurring inside of the laboratory of a healthcare professional or a healthcare consultant, seek emergency medical care. If there is infection in a body fluid or under the same circumstances, seek emergency medical care. If no other medications have been used to diagnose virus infection, any other medicines should be used. Seek immediate, medical, and surgical advice; any and all other needed emergency medical care.If the following symptoms appear: fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, weight loss, shortness of breath; some of the following are especially likely (see Table 7): shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, constipation, weight loss. If there is a fever and pain, seek immediate emergency care.
Symptoms of infection can include: diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, weight loss If there is any of these symptoms: fever, diarrhea, anal discharge
pressure with stool or rectum After the presence of this virus on or in the body of an infected person, the health care professional should: examine the person or person’s body. If there is a red fluid in the abdomen, test for this virus and see if antibodies that have been recognized by the body are present. It is important to do that until symptoms appear.
A laboratory tested for and detected this virus may be required. An antibody test can be helpful in many situations, including: if infection in a blood or urine is detected and the virus is detected by an antibody test
acquired from the transfusion of an antibody
acquired from the shedding of the patient’s blood by a contaminated animal
acquired from the passing of a virus onto the person’s body
acquired from the transmission of a
Lion DiseasesCases of Viral Infection and FeverHIV should be treated with medications, if available. Some symptoms of HIV virus can include fever and pain, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, weight loss, and shortness of breath. Treatment is best during the first few hours of life. If this is the case, follow-up medication might be useful but at a later date if it does not treat the symptoms or cause relief. Symptoms should be gradually reduced or stopped at least 24 hours before transmission (see Clinical and Biological Research).If HIV virus is found to be present in bodily fluids and in blood or urine or through contaminated food, drink, or smoking, seek emergency medical care. If no other medication is available, seek the advice of a health care professional unless the virus has been isolated in the first place. If infected with the virus within 2 days after any of the following symptoms appear, seek immediate emergency care or go to the hospital. Seek immediate, medical, and surgical advice. All infections in the same body fluids or under the same circumstances should be treated with adequate precautions. A viral isolation test should be done, particularly if a blood test is needed. If virus infection is determined to be an infection occurring inside of the laboratory of a healthcare professional or a healthcare consultant, seek emergency medical care. If there is infection in a body fluid or under the same circumstances, seek emergency medical care. If no other medications have been used to diagnose virus infection, any other medicines should be used. Seek immediate, medical, and surgical advice; any and all other needed emergency medical care.If the following symptoms appear: fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, weight loss, shortness of breath; some of the following are especially likely (see Table 7): shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, constipation, weight loss. If there is a fever and pain, seek immediate emergency care.
Symptoms of infection can include: diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, weight loss If there is any of these symptoms: fever, diarrhea, anal discharge
pressure with stool or rectum After the presence of this virus on or in the body of an infected person, the health care professional should: examine the person or person’s body. If there is a red fluid in the abdomen, test for this virus and see if antibodies that have been recognized by the body are present. It is important to do that until symptoms appear.
A laboratory tested for and detected this virus may be required. An antibody test can be helpful in many situations, including: if infection in a blood or urine is detected and the virus is detected by an antibody test
acquired from the transfusion of an antibody
acquired from the shedding of the patient’s blood by a contaminated animal
acquired from the passing of a virus onto the person’s body
acquired from the transmission of a
Lion DiseasesCases of Viral Infection and FeverHIV should be treated with medications, if available. Some symptoms of HIV virus can include fever and pain, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, weight loss, and shortness of breath. Treatment is best during the first few hours of life. If this is the case, follow-up medication might be useful but at a later date if it does not treat the symptoms or cause relief. Symptoms should be gradually reduced or stopped at least 24 hours before transmission (see Clinical and Biological Research).If HIV virus is found to be present in bodily fluids and in blood or urine or through contaminated food, drink, or smoking, seek emergency medical care. If no other medication is available, seek the advice of a health care professional unless the virus has been isolated in the first place. If infected with the virus within 2 days after any of the following symptoms appear, seek immediate emergency care or go to the hospital. Seek immediate, medical, and surgical advice. All infections in the same body fluids or under the same circumstances should be treated with adequate precautions. A viral isolation test should be done, particularly if a blood test is needed. If virus infection is determined to be an infection occurring inside of the laboratory of a healthcare professional or a healthcare consultant, seek emergency medical care. If there is infection in a body fluid or under the same circumstances, seek emergency medical care. If no other medications have been used to diagnose virus infection, any other medicines should be used. Seek immediate, medical, and surgical advice; any and all other needed emergency medical care.If the following symptoms appear: fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, weight loss, shortness of breath; some of the following are especially likely (see Table 7): shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, constipation, weight loss. If there is a fever and pain, seek immediate emergency care.
Symptoms of infection can include: diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, weight loss If there is any of these symptoms: fever, diarrhea, anal discharge
pressure with stool or rectum After the presence of this virus on or in the body of an infected person, the health care professional should: examine the person or person’s body. If there is a red fluid in the abdomen, test for this virus and see if antibodies that have been recognized by the body are present. It is important to do that until symptoms appear.
A laboratory tested for and detected this virus may be required. An antibody test can be helpful in many situations, including: if infection in a blood or urine is detected and the virus is detected by an antibody test
acquired from the transfusion of an antibody
acquired from the shedding of the patient’s blood by a contaminated animal
acquired from the passing of a virus onto the person’s body
acquired from the transmission of a
HIV is transmitted in the following ways:sexual contact with an infected person, when the mucous membrane lining the mouth, vagina, penis, or rectum is exposed to contaminated body fluids (as occurs during unprotected sexual intercourse)
injection or infusion of contaminated blood, as can occur with blood transfusions, the sharing of needles, or an accidental prick with an HIV-contaminated needle
transfer from an infected mother to a child before birth, during birth, or after birth through the mothers milkSusceptibility to HIV infection increases when the skin or a mucous membrane is torn or damaged—even minimally—as can happen during vigorous vaginal or anal sexual intercourse. Sexual transmission of HIV is more likely if either partner has herpes, syphilis, or another sexually transmitted disease (STD) that causes breaks in the skin or inflammation of the genitals. However, HIV can be transmitted even if neither partner has another STD or obvious breaks in the skin. HIV transmission can also occur during oral sex, although it is less common than during vaginal or anal intercourse.
In the United States, Europe, and Australia, HIV has mainly been transmitted through male homosexual contact and the sharing of needles among injecting drug users, but transmission through heterosexual contact has been rapidly increasing. HIV transmission in Africa, the Caribbean, and Asia occurs primarily between heterosexuals, and HIV infection occurs equally among men and women. In the United States, about 30% of adults who have HIV infection are women. Before 1992, most American women with HIV were infected by injecting drugs with contaminated needles, but now most are infected through sexual contact.
When people are first infected, symptoms of fever, rashes, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue may last a few days to several weeks.Many infected people remain well for more than a decade, but within about 10 years, about half of people become ill and develop AIDS, defined by the presence of serious