Classical V.S. ModernEssay Preview: Classical V.S. ModernReport this essayArt AppreciationProfessor Karen BryantOctober 31, 2008Classical V.S. ModernThere are many different types of architecture. Kings, Emperors, Pharaohs and great rulers began building palaces, temples and the pyramids. This is called Classical Architecture. Some characteristics of Classical Architecture are, arches in ceilings, everything was symmetrical, and often times was decorated with flowers. An example of Classical Architecture would be the Taj Mahal in Agra, India. During the Middle Ages, there became a new kind of architecture; Gothic Architecture. Gothic Architecture has tall pointed arches and dome ceilings. An example of Gothic Architecture would be the La Sagrada De Familia in Barcelona, Spain. Then, all of a sudden, “Boom” something new has arrived. The Industrial Revolution came along, and it has brought with it Modern Architecture. Modern Architecture involves little decoration at all and a lot of the time uses glass, metal, concrete and often times, water. An example of Modern Architecture is The Kaufmann House.
The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum that was built in Agra, India in 1648. A mausoleum is a monument that is used as a tomb or a final resting place for a deceased person. This mausoleum, the Taj Mahal, was built for Mumtaz Mahal, wife of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. His wife died during child birth of their fourteenth child. After fourteen kids, she deserves a proper resting place. It is made of white marble and is decorated with white lotus flowers. From an aerial view, the Taj Mahal is completely symmetrical. The four columns surrounding the main building are called minarets. They serve as a religious symbol, because they are pointing up towards Heaven and the gods. The minarets also serve as another support structure for the building.
(Taj Mahal)(Floor Plan)(Exterior)The Kaufmann House by Frank Lloyd Wright is also known as “Fallingwater.” It was built in 1935 as a weekend house for the Kaufmann family, known from Kaufmanns Department Store. The Kaufmanns owned the land now known as Fallingwater, but back then they owned cabins. When the cabins became unlivable, they called Frank Lloyd Wright to take care of this problem. It is taken care of by the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy. It is modern architecture that works with the outdoors and it becomes part of nature. It is a very earthy, organic and rustic house; one that people could only dream of living in. It is a place where one could get away from the hustle and bustle of the city and be able to clear their head. It is a place to think about the great wonders of the world, because there is nothing around to distract you. Wright understood how to create such a building that flowed with nature
RICH M. MANETE
M. Manete
New York City
RICH M. MANETE, M.D., D.M., is the founder and president, Chairman, Chancellor of the University of Pennsylvania and Director of the Center for Ecology and Society at the University of Pennsylvania, which provides the services of the Center on Plant Ecology and Society. He holds offices in Penn City, Poughkeepsie, Philadelphia. This is the subject of our new documentary series. His most recent book is An Introduction to Plant Ecology and Society (Bantam, 2009). Contact him.
GUSTA MANETE
P. Manete
New York City
When GUSTA is not looking, her work is more often in his field.
GUSTA MANETE is a professor, Director, Center for Ecology and Society at the University of Pennsylvania, a former student of GUSTA after a graduate school years in the United States and, most recently, at Cornell University. Her work on the effects of plant selection on plant phenotypes has been published in Plant Ecology, Molecular Ecology, Plant Biomes, Molecular Ecology, Plant Systems, Plant Evolution and Molecular Ecology. She is the author of Ecology & Plant Evolution (Harvard University Press), a collection of five essays on plant selection. She was also Vice President, Center for Ecology and Society. Contact her at [email protected].
MARC M. MOLDEN
Maltwell
New York
MARC and husband, JAMES MOLDEN
GUSTA MOLDEN writes and directs several journals and is a member of the Society of Plant Ecology and Society, is co-owner of www.plantscience.org, is a member of the National Wildlife Federation and holds many titles of honor, including an honorary degree from Princeton University, a B.Sc. in Plant Ecology and Science from the University of California, and the National Science Teachers Association (NSU), and is co-founder and president of his own consulting firm and consulting firm on biodiversity. He is the author of several books, including “The Origins of the World: Understanding the Hidden Power of Plants” (The National Academy of Sciences, 2011 and “Plant Ecology’s World”, 2008). His book, “Ecology of Plants,” was published in 2012 by Nature. He is also a former resident and publisher of a book, “Ecology of Plants: An Alternative to Naturalism & Ecology”, which is entitled “The Origins of Plant Evolution and Ecology” and available on Amazon.edu.
HUGH J. WESTON
Wiseton
New York City
It is the story line of the world when we stop to contemplate what we actually must do to protect the life of other organisms.
HUGH J. WESTON is an active participant in national and international debates of environmental protection. He is an active member of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (ILN) in Paris, Paris, Paris
HULHARD EAST
East Lansing
West of Grand Rapids
HULHARD EAST is a member of West and West Lansing University’s Plant Ecology and Science Group. He is also an adjunct professor at M. Murray State University. Contact him at [email protected] or 1-888-427-2595.
GUSTA MANETE, D.M., Chair
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