Ap Theodore Rosevelt Outline and Evaluation
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Out line:
I. Theodore Roosevelt (republican)
A. Birth: October 27, 1858 at New York, New York
B. Died: January 6, 1919 at Oyster Bay, New York
II. Background
A. Education-
Attended Harvard and he graduated 21st of 177. He studied in the fields of sciences, German, rhetoric, philosophy, and ancient languages. (1876-1880)
Attended Columbia Law School, but he dropped out to run for the state assembly. (1880-1881)
B. Occupation-
Elected into the New York State Assembly as a Republican, and during his time in the Assembly, his consistent struggle against machine politics earned him the nickname of “the cyclone assemblyman.” (1881-1884)
Wrote the biography of Senator Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri and The Winning of the West (1884-1889)
Appointed to the U.S. Civil Service Commission by President Benjamin Harrison. During which time, he vigorously pressed for the strict enforcement of the civil service laws. (1889-1895)
President of the New York City Police Board. He used his time there to root out corruption in the Police Department, which he described as “utterly demoralized.” (1895-1897)
Assistant Secretary of the Navy, during which time he stood as a principle advocate of expansionism. He initiated the invasion of Cuba without the Secretarys approval, and with it the Spanish-American war. (1897-1898)
First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, also known as the “Rough Riders”, during the Spanish American War, rising from lieutenant colonel to colonel. (May to September 1898)
Governor of New York . During his term, which was abbreviated when he took the office of vice-president, he obtained laws that further removed civil service from politics, that limited the number of hours that women and children could work, that curbed sweatshop abuses, and that put a state tax on corporations. (1898-1900)
III. Term in Office
A. First Term-
Presidency: September 14, 1901 – March 3, 1905
Vice President: Charles Warren Fairbanks
B. Second Term-
Presidency: March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1909
Vice President: Charles Warren Fairbanks
IV. Issues
A. Election of 1900
Succeeded to office after President William McKinley was shot, making him the youngest president, at 42, ever to serve in office.
B. Election of 1904
Both candidates, Parker and Roosevelt, stood behind the same views on the fundamental issues:
They stood behind the gold standard.
They favored an eventual independence for the Philippines.
They championed the rights of laborers and consumers.
They condemned monopoly.
Neither candidate campaigned actively.
The campaign turned on personality and, in the end, voters chose Roosevelts flamboyant, popular style over Parkers colorless, sober demeanor.
V. Opponents
A. Election of 1900
B. Election of 1904
Judge Alton B. Parker (Democrat)
VI. Domestic Happenings
A. JP Morgan organizes the US Steel Corp. (1901)
United States Steel Corporation became the largest corporation in the world through the consolidation of most existing steel companies in the United States.
Controlled about 75% of the countrys steel output in 785 plants with a total of about $1.4 billion in assets.
Consolidation included the Carnegie steel interests, which were purchased for $400 million.
B. The Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902
Advanced the cause of conservation.
Roosevelt was an enthusiastic supporter of this bill, which dealt with reclamation and irrigation.
C. Anthracite Coal Strike (1902)
When the anthracite coal miners held a strike, Roosevelt became the first president to intervene in a labor-management dispute, threatening to seize the mines in order to persuade the stubborn owners to accept mediation.
An arbitration commission subsequently awarded the miners a favorable settlement.
D. Lochner v. New York (1905)
The Supreme Court invalidated a maximum-hour labor law enacted by the state of New York.
Joseph Lochner had been found guilty of violating an 1897 law that prohibited employers from allowing employees to work more than 60 hours per week or 10 hours per day in bakeries.
The purpose of the law was to protect the health of bakers who worked long hours in the heat generated by the ovens.
The Court, with Justice Rufus W. Peckham as its spokesman, declared the law unconstitutional on the grounds that it violated “freedom of contract” implicitly guaranteed by the due process clause of the 14th Amendment.
The statute, said Peckham, interfered with the right of employees and employers to make a contract of labor.
E. Hepburn Act (1906)
It was an attempt for moderate reformist action, it strengthened the authority of the Interstate Commerce Commission over railroads.
F. The Burke Act (1906)
It was an attempt by Congress to speed the assimilation of American Indians into white culture.
G. Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
Defined adulteration