Perception Case
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The fact that perception is both an active and passive process suggests that perceptions may not always be accurate. Not only may different people perceive the same object slightly differently, the same person may perceive the same object slightly differently at different times. Frequently used shortcuts in judging others is show you below.
Selective perception
The conclusion we have about someone or something is very much dependent on the bits and pieces that we take in according to our own interests, experience and attitudes. For example, a woman go to the supermarket to buy a few fruits, and the woman always pick up the ones she know taste good, having made this decision without tasting other fruits.
Halo effect
The tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic. For example, if you are a critic of president Obama, try listing 10 things you dislike about him. No matter which group describes you, odds are you wont find this an easy exercise. And the halo effect is our general views contaminate our specific ones.
Contrast effect
Evaluation of a persons characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics. In a simple example of how the contrast effect works with vision, a researcher can present a subject with a dark square and a light square, each enclosing a smaller square. Even if the smaller squares are actually the same color, the contrast effect will lead the viewer to think the square against the dark background is lighter than the one against the light background.
Stereotyping
Judging someone on the basis of ones perception of the group to which that person belongs. In organizations, we frequently hear comments that represent stereotypes based on gender, age, race, religion, ethnicity and even weight. Such as, some young boy, he see that the old man do not understand how to use the computer. He thinks that all the elderly do not understand how to use the computer.