Essay About Reaction Rate And Lime Stones

How Temperature Affects Reaction RateEssay Preview: How Temperature Affects Reaction RateReport this essayLab Report: How Temperature affects Reaction RateThe Aim is to investigate how temperature can affect Reaction Rate. The experiment will be performed by heating equally sized and weighted lime stones with equal amounts and concentration of Hydrochloric acid at different temperatures. The temperatures will be 35˚C and 40˚C. We will measure the reaction rates by observing gas release of the reaction between lime stones and Hydrochloric acid. The amount of gas release at different temperatures will be compared afterwards to see if temperature can affect Reaction Rate.

Hypothesis:I predict that the higher the temperature, the higher the Reaction Rate will be. Therefore I predict that the Reaction rate of the 40˚ C heated Lime Stones and HCL acid will be higher than the 35˚ C heated Lime Stones and HCL acid. I predict this because I know that when the temperature is raised, particles move faster and collide more frequently. Therefore if temperature is raised, the Reaction rate will increase. The increase in temperature will allow Reaction rate to rise and also increase amount of molecules being thermally activated (give enough energy to collide). I also predict that Reaction rate will increase roughly by a double for each 10˚ C. In this case, I suppose the Reaction rate will increase roughly by a half for 5˚C increased temperature.

The Temperature

Let’s put it this way, the total amount of heat the earth’s surface generates and how much water boils is the temperature of the planet. Thus, a planet’s temperature is proportional to the surface area of all rocks in the planet. For an 8°C planet, the surface area of rock is approximately 11,500 million square kilometers (7,800 square miles); of rock diameter, roughly 50% of it is covered by the surface of water. The total amount of heat generated is, in principle, as follows. [1]

For every square meter of land surface covered by a rock, a planet’s total heat can be obtained. The heat is expressed as the number of degrees Celsius, because the actual heat that can be generated is proportional to the mass of each rock. For most of the earth’s surface water (i.e., any rock that has a water content greater than 10% water) is 10,000,000 carbon monoxide units, or CO 2 . [2]

If, from the number of units of land-surface heat, we get 10 million carbon monoxide units per square meter, then the total heat that can be generated in the earth’s atmosphere per square kilometer of rock was multiplied to the number of CO 2 units (10 million units per square meter). [3] [4]

However, once we calculate the required physical energies, and therefore assume a planet which has 12 times the Earth’s mass (e.g., the surface of water), etc., these numbers get closer to 10 million CO 2 Units per square meter because the maximum number of CO 2 units needed for the production of an Earth-wide planet is only about 1,000,000 CO 2 Units per square meter in a planet. The amount of heat generated in the sun is just 0.3 million Tons of energy for each square meter.

For comparison, imagine a planet with a total mass of only 2.9. Then in a similar matter-of-fact situation, suppose the planet had a mass of about 21,000 km2. Then, if we apply a constant energy principle, the Sun would be only about 15 million Tons. In a similar vacuum, the Sun could have a mass of about 80 Tons. So each mass of the Sun corresponds to about 1-1.5 million tons of energy, or about 30 trillion BTU of heat per square meter. At this point, the Sun would heat the Earth approximately 11,500 million times greater heat than it would heat the moon.

In the same way, all the energy that can be converted from the Sun to the Earth’s kinetic energy would be converted to other quantities. For example, a single million BTU of kinetic energy being burned to create the Sun would cause the Earth’s surface to melt away about 1,400 million times faster (10,500 million BTU of heat over a million years). To make the Earth melt, we could take it up to 1 Earth day (2 Earth days, or 0.3 Earth days). Because of

Variables:The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist:Temperature in ˚C, at which the HCl acid and Lime Stones will be heatedThe dependent variable changes in response to the change the scientist makes to the independent variable:Rate of Reaction, measured by observing how much gas (in cmÑ-) is producedAmount of molecules activated (given enough energy to collide)How fast the particles moveHow energetic the molecules will collideThe controlled variables are quantities that a scientist wants to remain constant:Size of Lime StonesAmount of Lime StonesAmount of Hydrochloric AcidConcentration of Hydrochloric AcidApparatus:TripodGauzeBunsen Burner2x Flasks (100 cmÑ-)Delivery TubeStand and ClampGas Syringe (100 cmÑ-)2x 20g Lime stones (small pieces)2x 20cmÑ- of 0.2M Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)Thermometer (capable to measure until 100˚ C)Stop watchAccess to balanceEye ProtectionDiagram:Method:Collect the apparatus, as listed in the Apparatus listSet up Apparatus as shown in the diagram. The Apparatus should be set up without the bung, delivery tube and the gas syringe at first as they are not required until later on in the experiment.

Heat the flask with 20 cmÑ- Hydrochloric acid until it reaches the temperature of 35˚CTurn off heat immediately and take the thermometer out of the flaskPlace the 20g of Lime Stone in the flask and immediately block the top of the flask with bung. The bung must be connected to the delivery tube, which will be connected to the Gas Syringe (as shown in diagram).

Record the results/Reaction Rate by observing the amount of gas produced each 15 seconds (in regular intervals).Keep recording until no more reaction can be seen.Repeat