Urinary and Digestive System
Essay Preview: Urinary and Digestive System
Report this essay
CH. 16
Digestive and Urinary System
Lesson 1: The Digestive System
Terms:
Digestion:
Absorption:
Elimination:
Mastication:
Peristalsis:
Gastric Juices:
Bile:
Functions of the Digestive System:
Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination.
Digestion occurs in the digestive tract which includes:
Mouth: Mastication occurs and enzymes produced by salivary glands starts digesting carbohydrates.
Esophagus: 10 in. long and extends from the pharynx to the stomach. Food moves down the esophagus by the peristalsis. The sphincter, a circular muscle at the entrance of the stomach opens and closes to allow food to enter the stomach.
Stomach: Holds about 1qt of food for 3-4 hours and controls the rate at which it enters the small intestine. It also produces Chyme and Gastric Juices.
Small Intestine: 20ft (6m) long, 1in (2.5cm) in diameter. Consist of 3 parts the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. Intestinal juice, secretions from the liver and pancreas complete chemical breakdown.
Large Intestine (Colon): 2.5in (6cm) in diameter and 5-6ft (1.5-1.8m) long. The main function of the large intestine is the elimination of waste and the absorption of water. The water is absorbed into the bloodstream
Other Organs that aid Digestion
The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are essential for the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Liver: the largest gland in the body
Weighs about 3.5 lbs.
Dark reddish brown color
Over 500 functions
Produces bile
Converts sugar glucose to glycogen and stores it
Maintains level of glucose in the blood
Changes harmful to less harmful toxins
Stores vitamin A, D, E, K, B12, and Iron
Gallbladder: Small sac about 3-4 in. (7-10cm) long
Stores bile until food moves from the stomach into the duodenum of the small intestine.
Pancreas: a gland of the digestive and endocrine system.
Produces insulin
Produces 3 digestive enzymes:
trypsin: digest protein
amylase: digest carbohydrates
lipase: digest fats
These enzymes are released into the small intestines through ducts.
Lesson 2: Problems and care of the Digestive Systems
Terms:
Indigestion:
Hiatal hernia:
Gallstones:
Peptic ulcers:
Gastritis:
Appendicitis:
Hepatitis:
Common Functional Problems:
Halitosis: (bad breath), can result from disorders of the teeth and gums caused from poor oral health care.
Indigestion: occurs when your body doesnt properly breakdown foods. This can be caused by eating too much ,eating too fast, or by indulging in an excess of alcohol.
Heartburn: occurs when acid content from the stomach backs up into the esophagus. If a person has hiatal hernia they may experience heartburn.
Gas: a certain amount of gas in the stomach or intestine is normal but some foods can cause an excess of gas.
Nausea and Vomiting: this can be caused by motion, pathogens, medicines, drugs, and other substances in the stomach. Nausea precedes vomiting. Vomiting is reverse peristalsis.
Diarrhea: condition in which feces are watery and are expelled frequently. This can be caused by a change in diet, food poisoning, overeating, emotional turmoil, and nutritional deficiencies. It can also be caused by viral and bacterial infections. This can cause dehydration.
Constipation: a condition in which feces become dry and hard and bowel movements become difficult. It can be caused by a lack of fiber, erratic eating habits, not drinking enough water, lack of exercise and constant use of laxitives.
Common Structural Problems:
Gallstones: small crystals formed from bile that can block the bile duct between the gallbladder and the duodenum.
Ulcers: an open sore on the skin or in the mucous membrane.the can develop in the stomach or duodenum and can be treated by reducing the acid intake or by taking medicine.
Gastritis: an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach. This can occur from the presence of irritant foods, alcohol, or bacteria and viruses.
Appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix, which is a 3-4in extension at one end of the large intestine. As the result of a bacteria or foreign matter that gets lodged in it the appendix becomes swollen and fills with pus.
Hepatitis: an inflammation of the liver which occurs from a viral infection.
Hepatitis