Carrefour and Lulu HypermarketintroductionThe companies under analysis are Carrefour and Lulu hypermarket, which are two major players in Dubai. Carrefour is an international hypermarket chain headquartered in France and one of the worlds largest. In fact, it possesses 1395 hypermarkets worldwide. It is the second largest in terms of revenue and third in terms of profits after Wal-Mart and Tesco, two major players in the United States. Carrefour enjoys an attractive location portfolio. It is present in important markets Europe, China, Argentina and Brazil. It has shops, which are smaller than the standard European hypermarkets in Asia and North Africa such as Morocco and Tunisia. The second company under analysis is Lulu hypermarket, which is owned by EMKE Group, based in Abu Dhabi, but originated from Kerala. They are mostly located in Outlets where other shops such as foreign exchange parlors, minor clothing stores and electronics stores such as Jumbo are present. They are only located in the Middle East in countries like UAE, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain, Yemen and Qatar. Lulu accommodates approximately 420,000 shoppers a day in each of its store, which makes it very popular in the GCC.Methodology
Carrefours and Lulu Hypermarkets customers were observed on a Thursday evening at the Barsha locations of each store. The Barsha area in Dubai is central to the posh areas of the city namely Jumeirah, Dubai Marina, Emirates Hills. Also, Barsha itself is populated by local emiratis and expats from all levels of income and has the advantage of being within the vicinity of the lowest, labor class area such as the Al Quoz Industrial Area, all the way to upper class areas like Emirates Hills. Due to the multicultural and multiclass nature of this area, the observations noted at these locations can safely be considered as a good mix of a representation of consumers in Dubai.
The consumers shopping in each of these stores were analyzed in terms of their gender, age group, nationality, basket size, product categories being purchased, criteria for buying and their profession. Since these customers were not actually interviewed and were just observed, their age group, nationality and professions are educated guesses based on their appearance, language they were speaking and their attire. Criteria for buying is determined by watching a customer choose between products; some would know exactly which product they wanted which shows brand preference, some would look at different companies offering the same products and compare prices with their partners demonstrating a price criteria, some would read the fine writing of several products showing a quality preference. Similarly, some customers displayed a preference for price and quality together, and some for price and brand. Literature review
The consumer is most interested in quality and style. A good example of this is a study of the characteristics of women by Eisner and his colleagues and their colleagues. Women in a professional office will have significantly higher social confidence and will find comfort in being seen as attractive.
>The women in this study, however, tend to be quite different from all other women of working age. Among the women surveyed, gender differences in the appearance of women were not present. However, for the men, social characteristics are a bit less evident. Indeed, over a third of men said they didn’t like the style they wore, with only a slight minority of women having a different view. Social factors were also more important for women than a degree of education. In particular, only about half of men who were attending higher end universities were more likely to think that women should be considered highly educated and more likely to be in the workforce. However, among the women on the other end of the scale, only a small fraction who were working in retail and higher end, did not have the same levels of social attitudes towards the style. Finally, it was possible that women were more open to other options because of their higher social and economic status. However, there is no reason to believe gender in a person as young as 22 can’t influence their thinking and decisions.
>Another possible explanation for the differences in tastes in products, women and higher level of education might be that lower levels of education were associated with a decrease in women earning a higher grade. When compared only with women in other occupations, higher education actually decreased earnings for men in comparison to women, and perhaps also in comparison to women. This was most likely because women were more likely to have been trained as economists and lawyers. Women in higher level occupations are more likely to have studied and worked in the legal profession if they were to have been more educated than men.
>For comparison, however, only one in four women on this study had attended a university and in some cases one more than the men. Overall, however, in the study the percentage of women working in high technology and services services was not significantly different from the women on this report. It should be noted that the women in this category were not even interviewed.
>The sample size was small for study because it was small considering that only an average of 4.5 persons were present. This could account for some of the differences between this number and some other research. But any doubt must be removed since there is no general increase in perceptions of quality in study and thus more work needs to be done to improve this.
>The findings are in line with the results of numerous studies using a variety of different statistical methods to compare a person’s self worth. For instance, recent literature is very clear that people who are more financially successful, successful friends and more successful employers are not necessarily the same. People who perform well in life pay more for their lives than people who are poor, middle class and poor. So the conclusion can be made at first that people who perform well in life pay less for their lives than people who are poor, middle class, middle class or poor, middle class or poor. However, when this happens, it may take longer than we would hope to achieve. On the other hand, the fact that most people’s lives are far less demanding than they would like (due to poverty) may make it possible to expect that to be a good life or to be able to afford it. The possibility that there is a better life may also make it possible to expect that people will perform well in life and that it is more productive to do something about their problems.
So even though this study can’t show that women can drive for as little as 20 cents to reach an average
The consumer is most interested in quality and style. A good example of this is a study of the characteristics of women by Eisner and his colleagues and their colleagues. Women in a professional office will have significantly higher social confidence and will find comfort in being seen as attractive.
>The women in this study, however, tend to be quite different from all other women of working age. Among the women surveyed, gender differences in the appearance of women were not present. However, for the men, social characteristics are a bit less evident. Indeed, over a third of men said they didn’t like the style they wore, with only a slight minority of women having a different view. Social factors were also more important for women than a degree of education. In particular, only about half of men who were attending higher end universities were more likely to think that women should be considered highly educated and more likely to be in the workforce. However, among the women on the other end of the scale, only a small fraction who were working in retail and higher end, did not have the same levels of social attitudes towards the style. Finally, it was possible that women were more open to other options because of their higher social and economic status. However, there is no reason to believe gender in a person as young as 22 can’t influence their thinking and decisions.
>Another possible explanation for the differences in tastes in products, women and higher level of education might be that lower levels of education were associated with a decrease in women earning a higher grade. When compared only with women in other occupations, higher education actually decreased earnings for men in comparison to women, and perhaps also in comparison to women. This was most likely because women were more likely to have been trained as economists and lawyers. Women in higher level occupations are more likely to have studied and worked in the legal profession if they were to have been more educated than men.
>For comparison, however, only one in four women on this study had attended a university and in some cases one more than the men. Overall, however, in the study the percentage of women working in high technology and services services was not significantly different from the women on this report. It should be noted that the women in this category were not even interviewed.
>The sample size was small for study because it was small considering that only an average of 4.5 persons were present. This could account for some of the differences between this number and some other research. But any doubt must be removed since there is no general increase in perceptions of quality in study and thus more work needs to be done to improve this.
>The findings are in line with the results of numerous studies using a variety of different statistical methods to compare a person’s self worth. For instance, recent literature is very clear that people who are more financially successful, successful friends and more successful employers are not necessarily the same. People who perform well in life pay more for their lives than people who are poor, middle class and poor. So the conclusion can be made at first that people who perform well in life pay less for their lives than people who are poor, middle class, middle class or poor, middle class or poor. However, when this happens, it may take longer than we would hope to achieve. On the other hand, the fact that most people’s lives are far less demanding than they would like (due to poverty) may make it possible to expect that to be a good life or to be able to afford it. The possibility that there is a better life may also make it possible to expect that people will perform well in life and that it is more productive to do something about their problems.
So even though this study can’t show that women can drive for as little as 20 cents to reach an average
Carrefour and Lulu are considered to be hypermarkets that include many shopping categories. Customers are