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CHAPTER 1THE HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF EXPORTINGIntroductionThe history of exporting is an interesting study to understand the development of the world, as we know it. A journey back through time will create an interest and greater understanding of how exporting has developed into what it is today. The shipping of goods by different countries has been around since before recorded history. A tremendous contributor to our economy today can be attributed to exporting. Many of the goods we use today have been imported from other countries for economic or resource reasons.
Exporting has been a way of life as far back as recorded history. It has been a way of life for centuries as countries have shipped and received good and products. The unique resources to various areas of the world have helped to necessitate trade around the world. Trading has proven to be an avenue to meet the wants and needs of all corners of the world as well as stimulate the economy on a global level.
This chapter will explore the history of exporting and consider significant factors that have helped to shape the world economy to this day. From the early days of free trade in Asia to the twenty first century challenges, exporting has evolved into a global network that spans across all countries.
One of the earliest considerations that will be discussed is the need that developed for major legislation. Government has had to intervene on the issue of exporting to create guidelines and enforce them in order to ensure proper conduct. Ethical issues needed to be addressed to eliminate possibilities of monopolies. Monopolies give certain companies too much control of a good or product that creates the possibility of unfair price hikes. Legislation implemented by the United States will be considered. Much of the legislation that will be discussed is in still in tact today with some revisions to adapt to the changes in society.
Global impacts of exporting will also be introduced. The petroleum industry and the formation of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1960 are major historical landmarks to be considered as one considers the history of exporting. Petroleum exporting is still a viable part of the world economy today and history can be a great tool to understand the global economy today.
History of ExportingCountries have been trading goods since there were established political boundaries and concepts of economy. As means were available to facilitate the movement of goods, market expansion has called for the trade of materials that were common in one geography or region to markets in which they were rare, unattainable, or economically difficult to obtain. As transportation methods advanced beyond the carrying of goods by people and animals, the range of trade expanded. Today, goods are traded freely throughout the world subject to local laws and tariffs.
Very early records indicate that prehistoric Britain was engaged in active exports. Tin was being exported from the British Isles as early as 325 B.C. Researchers believe that Ancient Britons traded extensively with continental Europe and thus established cultural links as early as the Neolithic period. Modern European trade was not established until much later however. While Europe is often thought of as the founders of international trade with the Spanish galleons and Dutch traders gaining many of the pages in western history books, the center of trade and commerce was not always in Europe.
The earliest exporters in modern history came from Asia. During the early years of international trade and commerce, Asia was the primary source of economic activity. In fact, European trade did not come about until much later. In fact, some believe that the development European trade was actually late in developing. Between 1450 and 1750, Asian influences, trade, and culture dominated the world. The Chinese, Turkish Indian and Persian empires were powerful economically and politically. In fact, they were the dominant world cultures until the end of the 18th century. Spices, tea, and porcelain were among the products coming from China, India and the other Asian geographies. In the 1800s,
The earliest exporters were from the Soviet Union. During the early years of international trade and commerce in different locations in the world, including:–The Japanese were the last major power to establish relations with the U.S.-centered world. The Japanese were not in a position to initiate foreign policy during the war years. The Japanese were not in a position to engage in military campaigns. Japan entered in direct cooperation with the U.S. but did not have the capacity to initiate a diplomatic operation. The U.S. provided assistance to Japan during its defense efforts, particularly the defeat of Soviet forces. The British had limited diplomatic resources. When the Soviet Union collapsed, the British offered $200,000 and gave the U.S. military a position of responsibility. The U.S.-led invasion of China after the fall of the Chinese Emperor destroyed an important economic artery in the Japanese foreign policy, the economy of the East Asian republic. The U.S. had helped Japan, but it was still unclear if this assistance was more to do with national resources or something else. The U.S.-led Asian alliance continued for several years, to several decades, after the end of the Japanese occupation and the opening of the South China Seas area in late 1958. In the 1950s the Japanese made contributions to the United States in support of Asia.
As with the U.S. contribution, the U.S. was involved mainly in the defense buildup of Asian countries, and provided funding to other military initiatives through the Asian Development Bank, the Asian Development and Investment Bank, and the Asian Development Partnership.
In order to understand Japanese foreign policy during World War II, and how it influenced the American Foreign Policy from the beginning, it is important to understand the historical context of American policy from the beginning. During World War II, as was its case since World War II, Japanese interests in the U.S. were more focused on national interests in Korea than in the U.S. homeland. The U.S. provided military equipment and support for Japanese forces throughout World War II. American servicemen were also required to maintain close relations with the Japanese because they were the only American personnel in Japan. At the time of the war, the United States was the only nation in Europe who was completely dependent on Japan in the field during the war and could not afford to pay Japanese troops. Japan’s major contribution was its military-industrial-military alliance with the Soviet Union. American support for the Communist Party was important. During the war, the Japanese had their eyes and ears opened to foreign military ventures. With the advent of the Korean War, this openness did not mean more American support