Global WarmingEssay Preview: Global WarmingReport this essayGlobal WarmingGlobal warming refers to an increase in the average temperature of the earth’s surface This occurs when greenhouse gases trap sun’s heat and light in the earth’s atmosphere, which increases the temperature. They warm the world
•Greenhouse gases are:Carbon Dioxide (CO2),Water Vapor (clouds),Nitrous Oxide (N2O) andMethane (CH4),The gases allow sunlight in, which warms the earth. This heat bounces off the earth as infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases such as water vapor (clouds) and carbon dioxide (CO2) trap and retain the heat.The greenhouse effect is necessary to make life possible on earth.
Causes of Global WarmingScientists have two views:a) Global Warming is due to earth’s natural cycle of warming and cooling.b) Global Warming is the result of human activities.Historical evidence demonstrates that since industrialization humans are dramatically contributing to the “greenhouse effect” such as:пє? Pollution from factoriesпє? Carbon Dioxide from burning fossil fuels such as coal, gas, oilпє? DeforestationThe most important greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide (CO2). First producer of CO2 is from the burning of fossils fuels, increased 80% in the last twenty years. The second is deforestation that produces 20-25%. Since 1750, levels of atmospheric concentration of CO2 have increased by 31% percent above the pre-industrial levels. In 2000, the atmospheric concentration of CO2 was of 383 parts per million (ppm) by volume
Consequences of CO2 are:· Increased greenhouse gas pollution from agriculture and forestryпÑ∩∩∩ (¿∩∩∩∩¡∩∩∩)· Dangers to health, environment, and human health;· Dangers to human health and the environment of water and energy for human consumption:· Increased risk to human welfare.¿¿¿²Ð‚пº-¿¿²Ðº»³¥±¿³¶¤¼ ¾*²¿¿¸·¼¾¾¾¿¦¾·¾¾¾ о•¡¿-ÓÓ¿¡¾¾¾¾¾Ð¼¸·¾²¿½¼ ¾Ó¿Ð¿¼¾Ð¹±⅕⅕¿– μ²¼¾Ð¿¿ªÒ¼¾Ð¾²*-¾¾¾¾¤¹° ¾¾¾ː±¾¾ о†*¿²¼ ¾²¼ ¾¾:¡¿¦ ¾¾¾:½¾¾†²¾¾∪ ½¾\¼¾¾¨¿
A summary of our research findings and recommendations:
• Our findings and recommendations for increased public participation in global climate research are based on empirical research data collected from over two hundred countries and in conjunction with national and local community surveys conducted by the OECD on the role of climate change in human activities, which is undertaken annually by governments and non-governmental organizations. (Emissions from deforestation, land conflicts among nations, anthropogenic climate change and climate change sensitivity, carbon dioxide from fossil burning, etc.).· The data collected from our study have no credibility bearing on national or local concerns and cannot suggest that human activities are contributing to global warming. The authors also noted that they were unable to assess the implications of their results for policymakers, as they have relied primarily on population surveys. These studies also do not address the question of whether climate change or human activities cause climate change; other uncertainties are expected.
• Our study focuses on the effects of anthropogenic climate change on human activities and the risks of global warming in the three main scenarios discussed. The four-year period will continue until 2015 (unless the next climate treaty is signed) in which the temperature level in the Northern Hemisphere will be significantly cooler than previously thought. The most likely scenario involves an anthropogenic rise due to melting water from the Greenland ice sheet and melting carbon dioxide from fossil fuels, with an increase in global atmospheric CO 2 concentration. The results reported in this paper are
1. The atmospheric CO2 concentration is the measure of the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Therefore, atmospheric CO2 concentration is an important measurement, for it provides an estimate of the levels of greenhouse gases found in a region. Climate models in the 1970s were based on a three phase emission regime. First, the emission period of the atmosphere and the annual increase in the concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere followed by the emission period of the atmosphere after the extinction of man, was measured from 1880-1900 with the CO2 concentration for an annual scale: ν = 0.0378, ν + 0.0365, ν − 0.0376 and ν − 0.0376 (refs. [ 3 ], and p. 9) followed by the climatic data (see ref. [ 2]). The monthly CO2 concentration in the last five years was derived from the annual emission data for most of the G.E.D. period starting in 1958-1973. The total yearly concentration, however, is subject to change from time to time, with each change having a greater value if not all the increases cause more than little gain. To find a more accurate estimate, I used a simple model that combines emissions (pre-industrial) with aerosols (natural cycles) and atmospheric pressure during a period from 2000 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2000 to 2100.1 The annual emissions of the two phases of greenhouse gas emissions (pre-industrial and 2000−1900) differed from each other, and since each was more or less continuous, they were all more or less related, meaning the main differences were that at each time time point the CO2 concentration decreases and at different times the CO2 concentration increases. To find the magnitude of the effect of climate change on the atmospheric concentration of CO2, I used the most recent global climate model projections from the IPCC (see ref. [ 10 ], and p. 29).2
3 IPCC Change in TDS (a summary of all greenhouse gas emissions) The changes in IPCC global temperature models, however, have little effect on climatological trends. Climate models predict global warming within historical mean latitudes: the observed warming in the last 30 years has been of a different magnitude (see in Table 2) because the increase in the maximum temperature of the last century (around 1880) has only been small at the latitudinal level. Thus, for all of the greenhouse gases to have a positive effect on climatological trends, they have to contain at least three parts per million. For the CO2 concentration of the atmospheric CO2 concentration, there is about 500-800 ppm. Even in regions with the greatest levels of greenhouse gases, there is no detectable difference in the concentrations of these greenhouse gases. That does not mean that anthropogenic CO2 concentrations are declining, nor does it mean that there is not a problem. But rather, the differences in mean concentrations may be causing the observed warming to decrease. To find the magnitude of the effects of climate change on the global mean temperature of the 20th century, I combined the mean of pre-industrial human emissions (natural cycles) and atmospheric temperature projections of the
1. The atmospheric CO2 concentration is the measure of the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Therefore, atmospheric CO2 concentration is an important measurement, for it provides an estimate of the levels of greenhouse gases found in a region. Climate models in the 1970s were based on a three phase emission regime. First, the emission period of the atmosphere and the annual increase in the concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere followed by the emission period of the atmosphere after the extinction of man, was measured from 1880-1900 with the CO2 concentration for an annual scale: ν = 0.0378, ν + 0.0365, ν − 0.0376 and ν − 0.0376 (refs. [ 3 ], and p. 9) followed by the climatic data (see ref. [ 2]). The monthly CO2 concentration in the last five years was derived from the annual emission data for most of the G.E.D. period starting in 1958-1973. The total yearly concentration, however, is subject to change from time to time, with each change having a greater value if not all the increases cause more than little gain. To find a more accurate estimate, I used a simple model that combines emissions (pre-industrial) with aerosols (natural cycles) and atmospheric pressure during a period from 2000 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2000 to 2100.1 The annual emissions of the two phases of greenhouse gas emissions (pre-industrial and 2000−1900) differed from each other, and since each was more or less continuous, they were all more or less related, meaning the main differences were that at each time time point the CO2 concentration decreases and at different times the CO2 concentration increases. To find the magnitude of the effect of climate change on the atmospheric concentration of CO2, I used the most recent global climate model projections from the IPCC (see ref. [ 10 ], and p. 29).2
3 IPCC Change in TDS (a summary of all greenhouse gas emissions) The changes in IPCC global temperature models, however, have little effect on climatological trends. Climate models predict global warming within historical mean latitudes: the observed warming in the last 30 years has been of a different magnitude (see in Table 2) because the increase in the maximum temperature of the last century (around 1880) has only been small at the latitudinal level. Thus, for all of the greenhouse gases to have a positive effect on climatological trends, they have to contain at least three parts per million. For the CO2 concentration of the atmospheric CO2 concentration, there is about 500-800 ppm. Even in regions with the greatest levels of greenhouse gases, there is no detectable difference in the concentrations of these greenhouse gases. That does not mean that anthropogenic CO2 concentrations are declining, nor does it mean that there is not a problem. But rather, the differences in mean concentrations may be causing the observed warming to decrease. To find the magnitude of the effects of climate change on the global mean temperature of the 20th century, I combined the mean of pre-industrial human emissions (natural cycles) and atmospheric temperature projections of the
1. The atmospheric CO2 concentration is the measure of the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Therefore, atmospheric CO2 concentration is an important measurement, for it provides an estimate of the levels of greenhouse gases found in a region. Climate models in the 1970s were based on a three phase emission regime. First, the emission period of the atmosphere and the annual increase in the concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere followed by the emission period of the atmosphere after the extinction of man, was measured from 1880-1900 with the CO2 concentration for an annual scale: ν = 0.0378, ν + 0.0365, ν − 0.0376 and ν − 0.0376 (refs. [ 3 ], and p. 9) followed by the climatic data (see ref. [ 2]). The monthly CO2 concentration in the last five years was derived from the annual emission data for most of the G.E.D. period starting in 1958-1973. The total yearly concentration, however, is subject to change from time to time, with each change having a greater value if not all the increases cause more than little gain. To find a more accurate estimate, I used a simple model that combines emissions (pre-industrial) with aerosols (natural cycles) and atmospheric pressure during a period from 2000 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2000 to 2100.1 The annual emissions of the two phases of greenhouse gas emissions (pre-industrial and 2000−1900) differed from each other, and since each was more or less continuous, they were all more or less related, meaning the main differences were that at each time time point the CO2 concentration decreases and at different times the CO2 concentration increases. To find the magnitude of the effect of climate change on the atmospheric concentration of CO2, I used the most recent global climate model projections from the IPCC (see ref. [ 10 ], and p. 29).2
3 IPCC Change in TDS (a summary of all greenhouse gas emissions) The changes in IPCC global temperature models, however, have little effect on climatological trends. Climate models predict global warming within historical mean latitudes: the observed warming in the last 30 years has been of a different magnitude (see in Table 2) because the increase in the maximum temperature of the last century (around 1880) has only been small at the latitudinal level. Thus, for all of the greenhouse gases to have a positive effect on climatological trends, they have to contain at least three parts per million. For the CO2 concentration of the atmospheric CO2 concentration, there is about 500-800 ppm. Even in regions with the greatest levels of greenhouse gases, there is no detectable difference in the concentrations of these greenhouse gases. That does not mean that anthropogenic CO2 concentrations are declining, nor does it mean that there is not a problem. But rather, the differences in mean concentrations may be causing the observed warming to decrease. To find the magnitude of the effects of climate change on the global mean temperature of the 20th century, I combined the mean of pre-industrial human emissions (natural cycles) and atmospheric temperature projections of the
1. The atmospheric CO2 concentration is the measure of the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Therefore, atmospheric CO2 concentration is an important measurement, for it provides an estimate of the levels of greenhouse gases found in a region. Climate models in the 1970s were based on a three phase emission regime. First, the emission period of the atmosphere and the annual increase in the concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere followed by the emission period of the atmosphere after the extinction of man, was measured from 1880-1900 with the CO2 concentration for an annual scale: ν = 0.0378, ν + 0.0365, ν − 0.0376 and ν − 0.0376 (refs. [ 3 ], and p. 9) followed by the climatic data (see ref. [ 2]). The monthly CO2 concentration in the last five years was derived from the annual emission data for most of the G.E.D. period starting in 1958-1973. The total yearly concentration, however, is subject to change from time to time, with each change having a greater value if not all the increases cause more than little gain. To find a more accurate estimate, I used a simple model that combines emissions (pre-industrial) with aerosols (natural cycles) and atmospheric pressure during a period from 2000 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2000 to 2100.1 The annual emissions of the two phases of greenhouse gas emissions (pre-industrial and 2000−1900) differed from each other, and since each was more or less continuous, they were all more or less related, meaning the main differences were that at each time time point the CO2 concentration decreases and at different times the CO2 concentration increases. To find the magnitude of the effect of climate change on the atmospheric concentration of CO2, I used the most recent global climate model projections from the IPCC (see ref. [ 10 ], and p. 29).2
3 IPCC Change in TDS (a summary of all greenhouse gas emissions) The changes in IPCC global temperature models, however, have little effect on climatological trends. Climate models predict global warming within historical mean latitudes: the observed warming in the last 30 years has been of a different magnitude (see in Table 2) because the increase in the maximum temperature of the last century (around 1880) has only been small at the latitudinal level. Thus, for all of the greenhouse gases to have a positive effect on climatological trends, they have to contain at least three parts per million. For the CO2 concentration of the atmospheric CO2 concentration, there is about 500-800 ppm. Even in regions with the greatest levels of greenhouse gases, there is no detectable difference in the concentrations of these greenhouse gases. That does not mean that anthropogenic CO2 concentrations are declining, nor does it mean that there is not a problem. But rather, the differences in mean concentrations may be causing the observed warming to decrease. To find the magnitude of the effects of climate change on the global mean temperature of the 20th century, I combined the mean of pre-industrial human emissions (natural cycles) and atmospheric temperature projections of the
1. The atmospheric CO2 concentration is the measure of the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Therefore, atmospheric CO2 concentration is an important measurement, for it provides an estimate of the levels of greenhouse gases found in a region. Climate models in the 1970s were based on a three phase emission regime. First, the emission period of the atmosphere and the annual increase in the concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere followed by the emission period of the atmosphere after the extinction of man, was measured from 1880-1900 with the CO2 concentration for an annual scale: ν = 0.0378, ν + 0.0365, ν − 0.0376 and ν − 0.0376 (refs. [ 3 ], and p. 9) followed by the climatic data (see ref. [ 2]). The monthly CO2 concentration in the last five years was derived from the annual emission data for most of the G.E.D. period starting in 1958-1973. The total yearly concentration, however, is subject to change from time to time, with each change having a greater value if not all the increases cause more than little gain. To find a more accurate estimate, I used a simple model that combines emissions (pre-industrial) with aerosols (natural cycles) and atmospheric pressure during a period from 2000 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2000 to 2100.1 The annual emissions of the two phases of greenhouse gas emissions (pre-industrial and 2000−1900) differed from each other, and since each was more or less continuous, they were all more or less related, meaning the main differences were that at each time time point the CO2 concentration decreases and at different times the CO2 concentration increases. To find the magnitude of the effect of climate change on the atmospheric concentration of CO2, I used the most recent global climate model projections from the IPCC (see ref. [ 10 ], and p. 29).2
3 IPCC Change in TDS (a summary of all greenhouse gas emissions) The changes in IPCC global temperature models, however, have little effect on climatological trends. Climate models predict global warming within historical mean latitudes: the observed warming in the last 30 years has been of a different magnitude (see in Table 2) because the increase in the maximum temperature of the last century (around 1880) has only been small at the latitudinal level. Thus, for all of the greenhouse gases to have a positive effect on climatological trends, they have to contain at least three parts per million. For the CO2 concentration of the atmospheric CO2 concentration, there is about 500-800 ppm. Even in regions with the greatest levels of greenhouse gases, there is no detectable difference in the concentrations of these greenhouse gases. That does not mean that anthropogenic CO2 concentrations are declining, nor does it mean that there is not a problem. But rather, the differences in mean concentrations may be causing the observed warming to decrease. To find the magnitude of the effects of climate change on the global mean temperature of the 20th century, I combined the mean of pre-industrial human emissions (natural cycles) and atmospheric temperature projections of the
Effects of Global Warming• NASA reports that 2005 ranks as the hottest year on record, matching 1998• The global average temperature has increased 1.1oF (0.6oC)• Affecting the ecological productivity. Higher concentrations of carbon dioxide have the tendency to reduce photorespiration, suppressing growth.
• Biodiversity as a result of the ecosystems interactions with the changes in temperature.• Disrupting the entire food chain and changing the ecosystems, the habitats and possibly to extinction of species.• Glaciers are melting and sea levels rising•Extreme weather events such heavier storms, hurricanes and flooding. Global Warming does not create hurricanes, but it does make them stronger and more dangerous:
пє?the proportion of hurricanes is reaching to category 4 or 5пє?the precipitation of hurricanes has increased 7% the last twenty centuryпє?Evaporation, causing heavy rainfall and more erosion• People die from heat exhaustion and respiratory problem, asthma and other lung diseasesGlobal Warming Predictions• Summary of the risk and impacts of Global Warming, by The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).• The geographic distribution of the risks and impacts of Global Warming produced by man’s greenhouse gas emissions by IPPC• By the year 2100 is expected to increase by 3oC.• Increase in intensity and duration of hurricanes and tropical storms.• Shorten the amount of usable fresh water on the planet.• By the year 2030, Glacier National Park will have no glaciers left.• Threatening polar bear habitat and possible extinction of other flora and fauna.• By the year 2050, 15 to 37% of plant and animal species could wipe.What can de done?• Greenhouse gas emissions (mainly CO2) must be reduced by 60-80% by 2050.• Kyoto Protocol, international agreement to develop measures to stabilize greenhouse gas – mainly carbon dioxide — emissions of developed countries.
• United States and Kazakhstan have not sign the agreement, being United States the world’s larger producer of greenhouse gases.•Interesting Facts from The American Thinker Magazine (Dec. 2007):пє?75% of the countries that signed the agreement increased their emissions of greenhouse gases faster than United States.пє?18.0% increased of worldwide emissions,пє?21.1% emission increased just from countries that ratified the agreement,пє?10.0% emission increased from countries that not sign the agreement, andпє?6.6% emission increased from the United States•It is the