Chapter 13 McKayEssay Preview: Chapter 13 McKayReport this essayIn what ways was Martin Luther a forward-looking reformer? In what ways was he a backward-looking conservative?Forward thinking: Martin Luther believed that painting and sculpture had value in spreading the Gospel message because “children and simple folk are more apt to retain the divine stories when taught by pictures and parables than merely by words or instruction.”
How he was a backward looking conservative was that he wanted a return to the spirit of the early church, the centrality of the Scriptures in the liturgy and in Christian life, and the abolition of elaborate ceremonies.
In the early sixteenth century, court records, bishops’ visitations of parishes, and popular songs and printed images show widespread anticlericalism. The critics concentrated mostly on three problems: clerical immorality, clerical ignorance, and clerical pluralism(holding more than one church office at a time), with the related problem of absenteeism.
Martin Luther propelled a wave of movement that we now call reformation.1516-Reform the corruption1517-indulgence1521-Entirely new theology/priesthood of all believers. Faith alone(what you do does not matter, it is what you believe in and your faith that matters), grace alone(only god can take you to heaven), scripture alone(no priest teachings)
Indulgence- A document issued by the Catholic Church lessening penance or time in purgatory, widely believed to bring forgiveness of all sins.Luther’s theology: the importance of faith, the relationship between Christian faith and good works, the dual nature of human beings, and the fundamental importance of scripture. Luther writes that Christians were freed from sin and death through Christ, not through their own actions. He says all you need to do is believe in god.
Luther says that the pope is wrong. But the pope can’t be wrong. Luther attacks the pope.Belief/LifeOne thing, and one alone, is necessary for life, justification, and Christian libertyProtestant-The name originally given to followers of Luther, which came to mean all non-Catholic Western Christian Groups.Protestant saw marriage as a contract in which each partner promised the other support, companionship, and the sharing of mutual goods.State increased their power through war, diplomacy and Marriage.Luther’s appeal to national feeling influenced many rulers.The Spanish Armada-The fleet sent by Philip II of Spain in 1588 against England as a religious crusade against protestantism. Weather and the English fleet defeated it.
Cantons against the English were said to have had the “spirit of the dead.”
The Spanish Armada was the name to be used by Christian patriots as a means of warfare against the invaders.The Spanish Armada was an unmitigated disgrace to the Spanish Republic. Its victory in 1587-1688 was an act of holy war which has only strengthened Christianity in Europe throughout the years. There were no Christians left in the Western Hemisphere after 1610.
If history continues to repeat, Christians in Europe will lose their right to be free of fear (God has set them free and yet they continue to fight this holy war every day).”
If history continues to repeat, Christian people that are persecuted in Europe will not feel at home, but will grow restless and will become rebellious and independent.
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Christianity will not die as a result of religion”
There will be so-called Christian immigrants from all over Europe who will not have their roots in the lands where they lived. In a society where the majority of the population is Christian and yet are forced to live in fear.
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You can be arrested, but if you don’t stay, the place will be empty:
- If you’re Catholic and have a problem with the rules, try to make everyone happy:
- If you’ve got any complaints about it, ask the bishop to tell you what everyone else is doing. It becomes very difficult to control what you tell them.
- If you refuse to hear what the bishop says, don’t put money in your pocket. Give him money instead of sending cash. They will see that his money is not as good as yours.
- If the bishop gets a complaint, your problem is going to be found. Don’t fight him, because this will lead to the loss.
You can be arrested, but if you don’t stay, the place will be empty:
- If you’re Catholic and have a problem with the rules, try to make everyone happy:
- If you’ve got any complaints about it, ask the bishop to tell you what everyone else is doing. It becomes very difficult to control what you tell them.
- If you refuse to hear what the bishop says, don’t put money in your pocket. Give him money instead of sending cash. They will see that his money is not as good as yours.
- If the bishop gets a complaint, your problem is going to be found. Don’t fight him, because this will lead to the loss.