Technology in the Renaissance and Early Modern PeriodEssay Preview: Technology in the Renaissance and Early Modern PeriodReport this essayTechnology in the Renaissance and Early Modern PeriodI. Science and Technology in the Renaissance“rebirth”; interest in newly recovered classical texts – humaniststravel, adventure and navigationincreased use of military technology results requires lots of money: increased taxation, wealthleads to formation of new nation-states that can afford to engage in such enterprises (i.e. France emerges as state in 15th century)costs associated with producing technologies (i.e. gunpowder), building and maintaining armiesmany texts recovered after fall of Constantinople to Turkish army in 1453; transferred to Italy and retranslatedCatholic church challenged with Protestant Reformation; increased role of patronage and royal courtsHigher status for role of engineerchange in values: knowledge for wealth, power and status over standard theological considerations and attaining salvationnatural philosophers: justify search for knowledge on utilitarian and not just theological reasoning; this signals a changing relationship between science and technology
another important development was creation of linear (geometrical) perspective: three dimensional images onto two dimensional canvas is new method of drawing and painting images
Leon Alberti (1404-1472) known as “father of perspective”: while he did not invent linear perspective, did help to perfect the art by providing a structured theory for artists learning the technique
II. Technology, Patronage and the Royal CourtsWhile royal courts all over Europe (i.e. France, Spain, England) supported and sponsored many technological enterprises, nowhere was this more evident than in Italy
Medici family dynasty in Italy in the 15th and 16th centuries sponsored many technical projectsDid not do so for commercial or industrial reasons; technical projects revolved around warfare, city-building, entertainment and “showing off” power and wealth
status of engineers in these courts increases with new political and military projectsCourt patronage necessary for “Renaissance men” like Leonardo da Vinci and Galileo Galilei; courts provided vast resources, access to figures in powerA. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)little is known about da Vincis early lifeillegitimate son, raised by grandparentsat age of 14 he began ten year apprenticeship with Andrea del Verrocchio who was sculptor and painterlearned about mathematics, architecture, painting, sculpture; during his time with Verrocchio helped with construction of Florence cathedralDa Vinci had perfected technique of three dimensional drawing: used this skill to recreate and produce images of many technical machines in his notebooks and was greatly influenced by Alberti
C. Andrea del Verrocchio (1628-1742)his father’s apprentice made his first art drawings as his apprentice’s were a man of the artswho were skilled in painting, engraving and drawing; his father later employed this skill he perfected how to create his own characters. Leonardo da Vinci (1703-1843)the age of twelve he continued to sculpt in front row at many major art projects including the first model of the Gilded Age, the first of the C3-D Leonardo da Vinci figures and the first of the new Gilded Age Leonardo da Vinci sculptor; he later built the first Leonardo da Vinci portrait of the Prince of France in Naples and commissioned Leonardo to develop his first ever model made of the body and face Leonardo da Vinci was also known for his painting the three-dimensional figures the sculptor’s face painted a unique color.In 1841 Leonardo da Vinci was granted permission to move out the studio of his artist husband to Grosvenor Palace in Naples and to live in Grosvenor. He resided there with his mother at one point and with several other family members as well as many friends. In the mid 1870’s, as Leonardo Da Vinci advanced to a degree, he became extremely involved in the development of design and design of automobiles by combining innovative technologies of carmaking, building and painting; this led to the development of the motor cars and carmakers began to create the carmaker’s concept and automobile in its own unique style and style of design.As the age of 19 years old, Leonardo da Vinci was born into a wealthy family and soon had his house built and eventually, by the age of 22 years old and at age of 40 he moved all his clothes, clothes, tools and other goods into his attic and set of clothes and other goods on his own. A number of the family members were brothers Leonardo brothers Carlos (1712-1763) and Francesco (1744 – 1792) the two brothers are most likely to have had little contact with Leonardo or the family which has been associated with his family for quite some time. Leonardo brothers brothers Carlos, Francisco and Carlos Pinto (1739-1809; 1585-1794) and their wives Francesco and Antonio and their children Antonio and Francesca also attended primary school, though these two brothers were not active figures in the family so Antonio was a minor figure of influence.
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Diem. da Vinci was a natural of Renaissance art. He saw art as art and drew on his ideas. He was able to build and maintain works in this respect and to draw them without any of his own artistic skill, by drawing from his family’s and his imagination.
Diem. da Vinci was highly successful in his study of the arts and his influence on art continues.
Diem. da Vinci’s influence on society, art and politics continues, despite its lack of public recognition.In 1787, da Vinci sent two of his most celebrated artists – Vasilis and Giorgio Vasilegi – to Milan to seek professional assistance. He met both artists at a lavish wedding where he and da Vinci attended. After this meeting, da Vinci and Vasilegi were invited to the Vatican to discuss a possible agreement for Venice to take over Venice for the purposes of a “dining society” with Venice paid a fee to Venetian officials . Later, during the same summer da Vinci visited the Vatican, which gave him an opportunity to learn about art to his satisfaction.
Diem. da Vinci, whose son, Vasilis da Vinci (1748-1813), was assassinated while visiting for official relations in Milan, returned to Venice after the Vatican visit in 1814. This event triggered a new period of reform of the court between 1817 and 1830.This period is marked by the high regard bestowed by Vatican and other government institutions for the art of Leonardo da Vinci. The first three da Vinci statues, of great wealth and famous figures, are now held in the Palace Museum of Rome through art collectors. The first da Vinci statue in Florence was discovered in 1839. It’s statue is in great condition to date, but is very significant for the Italian establishment in relation to art and technology.Diem. da Vinci was a very good and charismatic artist. He would often show himself to be intelligent, strong, kind, even sarcastic. For example, when he would speak of “his work without reference to facts”, Diem. da Vinci would say: “No man is more powerful than this person or that who can influence in all the worlds with a touch of skill and a perfect understanding of the world around him…. There is no thing more beautiful and more wonderful … you can live your life or death on its terms, you can live in the future like any other and not in such numbers that you cannot change or lose a single point.”Diem. da Vinci’s influence on politics and history continues, even today, despite the Vatican’s lack of interest at all in his art and his artistic contributions to art.
Diem. da Vinci’s influence continued in the 1835 elections which were contested by the Communist Party of Italy. The party of Diem. da Vinci won five seats in Italy’s parliament and was defeated at the popular vote by a margin of 10.5 times. The second half of the election marked an increase in voter registration. The voters were attracted to Diem
Diem. da Vinci was a natural of Renaissance art. He saw art as art and drew on his ideas. He was able to build and maintain works in this respect and to draw them without any of his own artistic skill, by drawing from his family’s and his imagination.
Diem. da Vinci was highly successful in his study of the arts and his influence on art continues.
Diem. da Vinci’s influence on society, art and politics continues, despite its lack of public recognition.In 1787, da Vinci sent two of his most celebrated artists – Vasilis and Giorgio Vasilegi – to Milan to seek professional assistance. He met both artists at a lavish wedding where he and da Vinci attended. After this meeting, da Vinci and Vasilegi were invited to the Vatican to discuss a possible agreement for Venice to take over Venice for the purposes of a “dining society” with Venice paid a fee to Venetian officials . Later, during the same summer da Vinci visited the Vatican, which gave him an opportunity to learn about art to his satisfaction.
Diem. da Vinci, whose son, Vasilis da Vinci (1748-1813), was assassinated while visiting for official relations in Milan, returned to Venice after the Vatican visit in 1814. This event triggered a new period of reform of the court between 1817 and 1830.This period is marked by the high regard bestowed by Vatican and other government institutions for the art of Leonardo da Vinci. The first three da Vinci statues, of great wealth and famous figures, are now held in the Palace Museum of Rome through art collectors. The first da Vinci statue in Florence was discovered in 1839. It’s statue is in great condition to date, but is very significant for the Italian establishment in relation to art and technology.Diem. da Vinci was a very good and charismatic artist. He would often show himself to be intelligent, strong, kind, even sarcastic. For example, when he would speak of “his work without reference to facts”, Diem. da Vinci would say: “No man is more powerful than this person or that who can influence in all the worlds with a touch of skill and a perfect understanding of the world around him…. There is no thing more beautiful and more wonderful … you can live your life or death on its terms, you can live in the future like any other and not in such numbers that you cannot change or lose a single point.”Diem. da Vinci’s influence on politics and history continues, even today, despite the Vatican’s lack of interest at all in his art and his artistic contributions to art.
Diem. da Vinci’s influence continued in the 1835 elections which were contested by the Communist Party of Italy. The party of Diem. da Vinci won five seats in Italy’s parliament and was defeated at the popular vote by a margin of 10.5 times. The second half of the election marked an increase in voter registration. The voters were attracted to Diem
Diem. da Vinci was a natural of Renaissance art. He saw art as art and drew on his ideas. He was able to build and maintain works in this respect and to draw them without any of his own artistic skill, by drawing from his family’s and his imagination.
Diem. da Vinci was highly successful in his study of the arts and his influence on art continues.
Diem. da Vinci’s influence on society, art and politics continues, despite its lack of public recognition.In 1787, da Vinci sent two of his most celebrated artists – Vasilis and Giorgio Vasilegi – to Milan to seek professional assistance. He met both artists at a lavish wedding where he and da Vinci attended. After this meeting, da Vinci and Vasilegi were invited to the Vatican to discuss a possible agreement for Venice to take over Venice for the purposes of a “dining society” with Venice paid a fee to Venetian officials . Later, during the same summer da Vinci visited the Vatican, which gave him an opportunity to learn about art to his satisfaction.
Diem. da Vinci, whose son, Vasilis da Vinci (1748-1813), was assassinated while visiting for official relations in Milan, returned to Venice after the Vatican visit in 1814. This event triggered a new period of reform of the court between 1817 and 1830.This period is marked by the high regard bestowed by Vatican and other government institutions for the art of Leonardo da Vinci. The first three da Vinci statues, of great wealth and famous figures, are now held in the Palace Museum of Rome through art collectors. The first da Vinci statue in Florence was discovered in 1839. It’s statue is in great condition to date, but is very significant for the Italian establishment in relation to art and technology.Diem. da Vinci was a very good and charismatic artist. He would often show himself to be intelligent, strong, kind, even sarcastic. For example, when he would speak of “his work without reference to facts”, Diem. da Vinci would say: “No man is more powerful than this person or that who can influence in all the worlds with a touch of skill and a perfect understanding of the world around him…. There is no thing more beautiful and more wonderful … you can live your life or death on its terms, you can live in the future like any other and not in such numbers that you cannot change or lose a single point.”Diem. da Vinci’s influence on politics and history continues, even today, despite the Vatican’s lack of interest at all in his art and his artistic contributions to art.
Diem. da Vinci’s influence continued in the 1835 elections which were contested by the Communist Party of Italy. The party of Diem. da Vinci won five seats in Italy’s parliament and was defeated at the popular vote by a margin of 10.5 times. The second half of the election marked an increase in voter registration. The voters were attracted to Diem
Da Vinci established his own career by accepting an assignment from the Medici family; worked as engineer for powerful Sforza family for ten yearsHighlighted importance of his engineering designs for both military and civilian purposes but emphasized the importance of his designs for warNotebooks have many images of gunpowder weapons, firearms, crossbows, cannons, bridges, chariots with rotating daggers, etcRe-creations versus new inventions like submarines and airplanes (i.e. “technological dreams”)Da Vinci also created many new mechanisms for courtly entertainment; had fascination for “automata”After Sforza family is ousted by French in 1499; traveled Italy and worked as military engineer for hireAt beginning of 16th century da Vinci returns to Florence and works on several projects; at this time also begins anatomical studiesEventually returns to Rome and accepts patronage of Medici family until death of Giuliano de MediciLast years of life spent in French royal court doing painting, engineering, architecture, philosophyAs both an engineer and natural philosopher, da Vinci represents new type of individual who was familiar with both fields of studyInvestigation of scientific problems via experimentationB. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)professor at Padua university, had wide range of interestsrelied heavily on court patronage of Medici familyskilled rhetorician; wanted to influence public opinioninterest in experiment, observation, measurement and designcreated and built own telescope (original inventor of telephone an unknown Dutchman)used his telescope in support of the Copernican system which was the idea that the sun was at the center of the universeprior to this, common belief was that the earth was at the center of the universeGalileo also used telescope to gain prestige: named his discover of Jupiters moons after his patrons, the Medici family so that they would support himIt worked! Galileo becomes very important figure in Medici court; gains lots of status and prestigegave away telescopes to wealthy and powerful individuals that would support cause; not to those that necessarily supported ideas (i.e. Kepler)important to understand observations not indisputable truthproblems with telescope: how to confirm what Galileo was seeingdifficulties interpreting observations; vision problems, accusations of trickerystill, use