Lab Report Organic Derivatives of Water
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Post Lab ReportExperiment #7 Organic Derivatives of Water Submitted by: Penelope L. BabonDate Performed: April 3, 2017 Date Submitted: May 2, 2017ObjectivesTo be acquainted with the chemical properties of the organic derivatives of waterTo observe the differences in chemical reactivity of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, phenols and ethers selected chemical reagents Results Table A Solubility Behavior Sample[pic 1]10% NaohConc. [pic 2]1-Butanol+–2-Methyl-2-Propanol—Phenol—Diisopropyl Ether—2-butanol-+Table B.1 Chemical Reactivity Samplewith [pic 3]after water bathafter heating 1-ButanolImmiscible, color redBrown precipitateImmiscible layer with particles2-Methyl-2-PropanolMiscible, color redBrown color__________PhenolSoluble, hot pink colorViolet color__________Diisopropyl etherColor red, miscibleDark brown colorDark brown color2-ButanolImmiscble, brown particlesImmiscible brown precipitateCloudy, immiscible, darkTable B.2 Chemical Reactivity SampleTime required for appearance of turbidity, insoluble layer or emulsion1-Butanolslowest2-ButanolslowTert-butanolFastestTable B.3 Chemical ReactivitySampleObservations1-ButanolMiscible, clear liquidPhenolImmiscible, greater volume in 1-Butanol, light yellow, cloudyWaterDark yellow, little volume
Table B.4 Chemical Reactivity SampleAfter 10% NaOH additionAfter heating if no changes1-ButanolCloudycloudy2-ButanolYellow colorCloudyDiscussion Solubility behaviour: Solubility in [pic 4] 1-Butanol, 2-Butanol and 2-Methyl-2-Propanol all dissolved in giving us a homogenous mixture. In water, the classification of alcohol is not the basis but the carbon chain length. A maximum of 4 carbon containing the OH group will dissolve in water. Examples are Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol and Butanol. Pentanol, Hexanol and other alcohols that have more than 4 carbon chain will no longer dissolve in water. An alcohol has an OH group. Like dissolves like.” Rule of thumb is if the carbon chain length is increasing, the non polar part is increasing making it impossible to dissolve in water. [pic 5]Solubility in NaOH [pic 6] Phenol was the only organic compound that reacted with NaOH giving us a homogenous mixture. Product of reaction is usually odium phenoxide and water as by product. Based on the given reaction above, the H atom was removed and was replaced by Na. Removal OH hydrogen atom is due to the strength of the basic hydroxide on the NaOH solution .Chemical Reactivity: Reaction with [pic 7]Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizing agent with a characteristic of purple color due to the presence of permanganate ion. As have observed, the primary and secondary alcohols, 1-butanol and isopropanol, reacted with KMnO4 but not ternary alcohol, tert-butyl. KMnO4 reacts with primary alcohols by oxidation reaction to produce an aldehyde and water that will further oxidize to form a carboxylic acid and hydrogen ions. [pic 8][pic 9]Secondary alcohols react with KMnO4 by oxidation reaction to produce a ketone and hydrogen ions. [pic 10]Tertiary alcohols do not react with KMnO4 for the fact that the carbon directly attached to the hydroxyl group do not have a hydrogen, therefore the formation of a carbonyl group by oxidation reaction is not possible. Phenol also reacts with KMnO4 by oxidation reaction to produce a quinone.[pic 11] Ethers do not react with oxidizing agents because the C-O-C bond is a strong covalent bond and cannot be broken by the KMnO4 under ther given condition, thus, a negative result is seen when the purple color remained when diethyl ether is reacted with KMnO4