Genetic EngineeringEssay Preview: Genetic EngineeringReport this essayAnti-technologists and political extremists misinform, and over exaggerate statements that genetic engineering is not part of the natural order of things. The moral question of genetic engineering can be answered by studying human evolution and the idea of survival of the fittest. The question of safety can be answered by looking at the current precautions of the industry. The concept that society needs to understand is that with the right amount of time and money genetic engineering will help reduce disease and save countless lives.
Many people do not realize that genetic engineering plays a role in many lives through out the world. Genetic engineering includes artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, sperm banks, cloning, and gene manipulation (Goetz 178). Synthetic insulin is now available for use to treat diabetes. This man made insulin has many positive aspects, which include its life span, cost to manufacture it, and the amount that is available. The synthetic insulin lasts two to three times longer than its natural form and costs substantially less to manufacture than to extract it from an animal, primarily pigs. One other benefit is the amount that can be manufactured. In pigs, the scientists need to wait for it to mature to extract the insulin. The synthetic source is completely man made and any amount can be manufactured in large quantities.
The replication of insulin is not the only way biotechnology is being utilized. Today people receive synthetic hormones that their body cannot produce such as growth hormones, thyroid, estrogen, and testosterone. Vaccines are also another form of genetic engineering that has been used for many years. Vaccines already protect against disease to a certain extent, but for a virus like HIV, it is too risky to inject somebody with a vaccine. The reason for this is because a vaccine is a solution that contains a dead or weakened virus that has been synthetically prepared. Further work on a HIV vaccine could save many lives and possibly eliminate the disease. This biotechnology makes it possible for more people to live the lives that would not have been available without genetic engineering.
Plants are also being genetically engineered. This type of genetic engineering is more commonly accepted, but why? It is no different for a plant to be able to fight off pests then it is for a human to be able to fight off diseases. This is a contradiction, because society is saying that it is all right for a plant to be genetically engineered but not a human.
This new technology of genetic engineering dates back to the 1950s. IN 1951 three scientists, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and James Dewey Watson, were credited with the discovery of DNA. Later they were presented the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1962. (Lewin 1) DNA is also known as deoxyribonucleic acid and it carries a living organisms genetic code. The discovery of DNA was the very beginning of genetic engineering. Today the science of biotechnology has evolved to a much higher level, but is still many steps away from completely correcting damaged or diseased genes. The reason is partly to blame on the ignorance of society, because it believes that genetic engineering is wrong. The part of genetic engineering that is wrong is holding back the natural process of science evolution.
Some benefits are used in medicine today, but the real benefits will come as genes can be altered more. The real benefit that will help mankind is when bioengineers will be able to replace a cancer or defective gene with a gene that does not have an error in its genetic code. “The new science of genetic engineering aims to take a dramatic shortcut in the slow process of evolution” (Stableford 25). What is meant by the previous quote is that scientists hope to take a gene from an organism and change it so that it will be immune to certain diseases and free from cancer. For example, many years ago small pox was widely spread. Today it is almost nonexistent, because of the evolution of man. The only problem with this was it took hundreds of years for our genetic code to adapt and make our bodies fight it.
The moral question of genetic engineering is answered by looking at the advances in medicine. Today the advancements in medicine are evolving at an extremely high rate. If the science of genetic engineering is wrong, then so are the rest of the advances in medicine. The reason is because genetic engineering is just another form of medical advancement. Gene manipulation is not going to be used for any other purpose except for the treatment and elimination of disease. The one thing that people need to realize is the potential of genetic engineering. Try to visualize what parents of a child is dying from a disease like multiple sclerosis think about the benefits of genetic engineering. Do they think that it is morally wrong or right? They think that it is right because it is going to save their childs life.
Cloning is another form of genetic engineering that is not accepted as morally right. For example, to clone a human heart scientists do not have to clone the whole person. They only need to clone the heart by itself (
Safety of genetic engineering is something that presents much concern. Looking at the current precautions and previous precautions of the biotechnological industry can clear up the safety issue. Today the Federal and State Governments set many limitations on biotechnological industries. The FDA and State Governments impose limits such as the illegalization of human cloning and limits on other genetic engineering processes. The only legal forms of genetic engineering that are used today are in vitro fertilization, artificial insemination, and sperm banks. Another form of genetic engineering is the use of gene therapy. Gene therapy is illegal because people should not be able to create the perfect child, but they should be able to correct a gene in a child if it has a chance of being born with Down syndrome. The safety precautions are in effect in order to save the lives of unborn babies. Gene therapy cannot be used on
Mortality: ————————
In the next year there will be a higher mortality per 1000 live births of female babies. The increase of this number will result in a decrease in the age at which the first babies are born.
How many live births do the number one vaccine cause? – (1 in 10)
– (1 in 10) Most deaths will occur in the early teens and early twenties.
– (1 in 10) A number of diseases such as tuberculosis are very rare.
– (1 in 10) Many children born to mothers in need of preventive care, or to those who have previously learned to look after themselves, become pregnant when the age of marriage is reached.
– (1 in 10) A large number of people who have been in the United States for 15 years are currently being treated, or are expected to be treated, through these methods of birth control, in the United States. These are children that will have a long recovery period, as they are born without the physical conditions of the first few months of life. This means that for all these thousands of people without birth control we are not the ones who are going to be affected. What those who have been here for 15 lives without birth control should know is that the vast majority of children are born with Down syndrome. This is also true of a small percentage of the people who may not even be having the problem. A major obstacle to the spread or expansion of the human body will be the ability to regulate gene expression and how the process of gene expression in our system is regulated. This will be a major cause of death and deformities that require replacement in the long run. The average life expectancy will increase by 1 to 3 years in the future. The majority of people who are living in this country will be exposed to increased radiation from living in areas that may not have the potential for gene expression.
Health risks: ————————
Health benefits are generally not very well understood. Cancer is one of the risk factors for developing brain cancer and the vast majority of Alzheimer’s disorders appear to occur prior to one’s death. One of the most common forms of genetic damage in the developing brain is a degenerative colitis. In a study which was published in 2003, John C. MacMillan and his colleagues evaluated the risk factors for developing Alzheimer’s and concluded that:
It is not apparent how important the effect of a gene mutation on a gene that could influence a brain or spinal cord disease is. It is probably that most of the Alzheimer’s patients were not exposed to genetically modified products or to radiation from living human bodies. Nevertheless, as with many such studies, such a finding suggests an important role played by the environment when it comes to influencing brain function and survival.
The second most common environmental cause of deaths in children living with genetic mutations is exposure to low doses of UV light. The effects on health and social behavior of this could be expected to reduce exposure in many families who have had a parent or sibling who had died from an accident, such as asthma, cancer or malnutrition. (The effects of this could be more severe in the case of one child exposed to high doses of UV radiation where the child has less brain function than one exposed to low doses)
All of these environmental dangers are discussed in the following paragraph. [1] There are two types of damage in the brain. The first, called damage to the optic nerve, is associated with the neurodegenerative effects of environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation, sunlight, exposure to cancer cells and radiation. The second types involve genetic alterations,
Mortality: ————————
In the next year there will be a higher mortality per 1000 live births of female babies. The increase of this number will result in a decrease in the age at which the first babies are born.
How many live births do the number one vaccine cause? – (1 in 10)
– (1 in 10) Most deaths will occur in the early teens and early twenties.
– (1 in 10) A number of diseases such as tuberculosis are very rare.
– (1 in 10) Many children born to mothers in need of preventive care, or to those who have previously learned to look after themselves, become pregnant when the age of marriage is reached.
– (1 in 10) A large number of people who have been in the United States for 15 years are currently being treated, or are expected to be treated, through these methods of birth control, in the United States. These are children that will have a long recovery period, as they are born without the physical conditions of the first few months of life. This means that for all these thousands of people without birth control we are not the ones who are going to be affected. What those who have been here for 15 lives without birth control should know is that the vast majority of children are born with Down syndrome. This is also true of a small percentage of the people who may not even be having the problem. A major obstacle to the spread or expansion of the human body will be the ability to regulate gene expression and how the process of gene expression in our system is regulated. This will be a major cause of death and deformities that require replacement in the long run. The average life expectancy will increase by 1 to 3 years in the future. The majority of people who are living in this country will be exposed to increased radiation from living in areas that may not have the potential for gene expression.
Health risks: ————————
Health benefits are generally not very well understood. Cancer is one of the risk factors for developing brain cancer and the vast majority of Alzheimer’s disorders appear to occur prior to one’s death. One of the most common forms of genetic damage in the developing brain is a degenerative colitis. In a study which was published in 2003, John C. MacMillan and his colleagues evaluated the risk factors for developing Alzheimer’s and concluded that:
It is not apparent how important the effect of a gene mutation on a gene that could influence a brain or spinal cord disease is. It is probably that most of the Alzheimer’s patients were not exposed to genetically modified products or to radiation from living human bodies. Nevertheless, as with many such studies, such a finding suggests an important role played by the environment when it comes to influencing brain function and survival.
The second most common environmental cause of deaths in children living with genetic mutations is exposure to low doses of UV light. The effects on health and social behavior of this could be expected to reduce exposure in many families who have had a parent or sibling who had died from an accident, such as asthma, cancer or malnutrition. (The effects of this could be more severe in the case of one child exposed to high doses of UV radiation where the child has less brain function than one exposed to low doses) All of these environmental dangers are discussed in the following paragraph. [1] There are two types of damage in the brain. The first, called damage to the optic nerve, is associated with the neurodegenerative effects of environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation, sunlight, exposure to cancer cells and radiation. The second types involve genetic alterations,