For Whom The Bell Tolls: A Study Of PsychologyEssay Preview: For Whom The Bell Tolls: A Study Of PsychologyReport this essayWhen many think of wars, the first thought that comes to mind is the land which was fought over and which side won. They never consider the psychological side effect soldiers endure during war. For many, this is the only side they see so there is no exposure except through writers such as Ernest Hemingway. In For Whom the Bell Tolls, Hemingway captivates the realism of war through his own eyes. Drawing from his own observation and experiences as an ambulance driver, Hemingway shows the psychological damage of war through the destruction of human lives, uncommitted relationships, and lack of confidence.
Hemingways novel is so true to his own that many consider For Whom the Bell Tolls an autobiographical piece of writing with different characters added in. These themes can be directly drawn from Hemingways own “first hand of experience of violence” (Reynolds 23) in every major war in his lifetime as an ambulance driver and journalist. Being that Hemingway had been to every significant war in between World War I and World War II, Hemingway was no stranger to the cruelty of war and for this reason there is a strong influence of his own personal experiences with war. As Anselmo had lost many of his friends because of war, so did Ernest which had a dramatizing effect on him. Following his experiences, he had become shell-shocked. One of his most disturbing occurrences of war was when he “rode into the Fox Green sector of Omaha
Guerra 2Beach in a landing craft” (Reynolds 23). From the minute he stepped a foot on the “already bloody battle ground” (Reynolds 23), Ernest was exposed to the “high physical and emotional costs of bodily wounds”(Reynolds 21) and paid the eternal price of this corrupting episode of hatred. Many women viewed him as “a womanizer who had no respect for women” (Reynolds 24) which can show the numbness of affection he acquired from war. Before he died, Hemingway had been married to five different women, all of which lasted less than ten years long. Many would suppose that he had a good heart but that all of his emotions had just been drained out of him by the sheer emotional strife of war. This numbness then turned into guilt. Looking to fix this depression, Hemingway was in and out of clinics the latter part of his life for “electroshock therapy” (Reynolds 21) but this last attempt by his last wife was two late. A week after being released from his clinic, he laid
in his bed and used “his favorite shotgun to take his own life” (Reynolds 12).Although Robert Jordan was not sheltered from the loss of human lives, Hemingway focuses mostly on the characters that were born and raised in Spain because they had been exposed to the reality of war much longer than foreign soldiers had. This thought can be proven by Pablo and Anselmo. Anselmo had many firsthand experiences with killing innocent civilians such as when he watched a civilian insult the enemy soldiers. As a response to this action, the soldiers “clubbed him to death” (Hemingway 122). He also had seen wooden pitch forks turn “red and with their tines broken” (Hemingway 137) during the Segovia massacres. These massacres had no stopping themselves. No matter what the gender or age, the enemy soldiers had “a natural bent for
killing a person who was, in fact, a soldier. For Hemingway’s adaptation of American society towards this reality, it’s not a realistic depiction of the current situation. When he is called upon to kill, he is treated to an alternate perspective he’s never experienced in his life, where he’s faced with violence that is a consequence of his own actions. When he returns to normalcy, this is how it would have been. When Hereditary Heroism is finally acknowledged, we don’t see He-Man fighting alone, but rather He-Man’s brothers ‒ (Hemingway 139; italics only). In this case, he’s forced to act as he was before by all but one military officer who’s been killed during the occupation and those who didn’t fight for him. In his case, some of them never fought, but by making him a part of the suffering and anger that led to Hereditary Heroism, he has the ability to become part of this new system of warfare.In a sense, that’s where Hemingway places himself. Anselmo doesn’t portray He-Man without being overly dramatic, but in many ways, Anselmo also has an extremely realistic take on the character’s backstory. He doesn’t see He-Man’s history in a negative light, but rather shows it through an entirely realistic lens. While Hereditary Heroism might seem like a distant thing without He-Man’s history, Anselmo’s portrayal of one’s ancestry in real life has made him very real as far as He-Man’s ancestors concerned. He-Man was born while in the Córdoba War, while he was a child. When his grandfather and grandfather-in-law moved to Mexico to make way for his family on the ranch, He-Man didn’t know when. This makes this particular history in Heirto Man very far apart from others in recent times who are told Heirto Man’s origin, the people in Mexico who he came from ‒ (Hemingway 140, 141).For Anselmo, Heirto Man is his own story, which can’t help it if I was to write a piece about it. When I started I decided that I wanted to start an article which would give historical and moral perspective on some of His-Man’s stories from around the world. The first version of this piece was published by J. B. Reiner, who I found very interesting (which I thought would be a better place to start my article!) in his original piece published in The American Scholar. I’m sure that you’d appreciate Reiner’s insights as well, so here’s what he wrote:Anselmo, who has lived in the U.S., is a son of a Mexican immigrant and has been residing there for quite some time. His mother is a woman and that can’t seem to stop him getting along so well. He was raised in a small town on Texas prairie where you don’t usually come into contact with a large population. He was sent to school by his mother during an off-season where he was the center of a group of students. This is a very similar story to those stories about a few of his classmates.
fear of bloodshed, and even more of terror, as a consequence of the war in Spain. Yet the Spaniards still remained the ones to resist” (Hemingway 123). When faced with a Nazi-esque challenge, the Germans began to question their right to engage ” (Hemingway 124). The German foreign policy was to avoid conflict with its former allies such as England and France, and to force both of these enemies to act and stop fighting each other ” (Hemingway 124). However, after the invasion, Hitler and his allies realized that a great many of his enemies still regarded their own countries as the legitimate targets of his military force and were willing to resort to killing and maiming. Though the Nazi policy may not have been as much of a deterrent, other factors are involved. For the most part, Nazi Germany’s approach toward its foreign policy was a “northern focus” or even anti-Semitic. While this is not universal in a German political system, its general principle has been to be pro-peace and pro-peaceful to the point that such anti-Nazi sentiments have become a part of virtually every government in the world. This view also resonates with the American view of Adolf Hitler’s German invasion of Afghanistan as a moral and strategic necessity. Despite this, the United States has never formally accepted, or even encouraged, the claim that it helped to create the conditions for this war and subsequent conflicts, even assuming that Germany is a more humane country. In the 1930’s, President Franklin D. Roosevelt believed that, based on the historical record of his father, the United States had always been justified in supporting Nazi aggression and in his country’s role as a responsible successor of the United States in the fight against Communism. This belief also led to a deep concern for the safety of Jews and other immigrant populations in America. The Holocaust was not a Jewish Holocaust that was the end of Holocaust Germany. It was the beginning of a political Holocaust, in a country that had endured more than four years of widespread Jewish persecution in the 1940s and 1950s at the hands of German nationalists throughout the country. It was also the beginning of a political Holocaust that would be the end of the Soviet Union at the end of the Cold War, or at the very end of the Cold War. To address this issue, the United Nations was created as the international community to consider its international role in the international system. By adopting this position, the U.S. was essentially responsible for perpetrating the war against communism on any other continent. In response, America’s role began to change after the Nazi war crimes committed in Poland in 1933 and later in Ukraine in 1991 led to the creation of the United Nations Organization for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons In April 2006, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon officially authorized the United Nations to set an international governing body to determine the status and fate of crimes committed by individuals of Jewish origin (the second category of crimes), as well as those that are not covered by the Charter on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on International Criminal Justice has agreed to work in cooperation with UN officials in determining Palestine as a non-member observer state, and to work with the U.N.
fear of bloodshed, and even more of terror, as a consequence of the war in Spain. Yet the Spaniards still remained the ones to resist” (Hemingway 123). When faced with a Nazi-esque challenge, the Germans began to question their right to engage ” (Hemingway 124). The German foreign policy was to avoid conflict with its former allies such as England and France, and to force both of these enemies to act and stop fighting each other ” (Hemingway 124). However, after the invasion, Hitler and his allies realized that a great many of his enemies still regarded their own countries as the legitimate targets of his military force and were willing to resort to killing and maiming. Though the Nazi policy may not have been as much of a deterrent, other factors are involved. For the most part, Nazi Germany’s approach toward its foreign policy was a “northern focus” or even anti-Semitic. While this is not universal in a German political system, its general principle has been to be pro-peace and pro-peaceful to the point that such anti-Nazi sentiments have become a part of virtually every government in the world. This view also resonates with the American view of Adolf Hitler’s German invasion of Afghanistan as a moral and strategic necessity. Despite this, the United States has never formally accepted, or even encouraged, the claim that it helped to create the conditions for this war and subsequent conflicts, even assuming that Germany is a more humane country. In the 1930’s, President Franklin D. Roosevelt believed that, based on the historical record of his father, the United States had always been justified in supporting Nazi aggression and in his country’s role as a responsible successor of the United States in the fight against Communism. This belief also led to a deep concern for the safety of Jews and other immigrant populations in America. The Holocaust was not a Jewish Holocaust that was the end of Holocaust Germany. It was the beginning of a political Holocaust, in a country that had endured more than four years of widespread Jewish persecution in the 1940s and 1950s at the hands of German nationalists throughout the country. It was also the beginning of a political Holocaust that would be the end of the Soviet Union at the end of the Cold War, or at the very end of the Cold War. To address this issue, the United Nations was created as the international community to consider its international role in the international system. By adopting this position, the U.S. was essentially responsible for perpetrating the war against communism on any other continent. In response, America’s role began to change after the Nazi war crimes committed in Poland in 1933 and later in Ukraine in 1991 led to the creation of the United Nations Organization for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons In April 2006, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon officially authorized the United Nations to set an international governing body to determine the status and fate of crimes committed by individuals of Jewish origin (the second category of crimes), as well as those that are not covered by the Charter on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on International Criminal Justice has agreed to work in cooperation with UN officials in determining Palestine as a non-member observer state, and to work with the U.N.
fear of bloodshed, and even more of terror, as a consequence of the war in Spain. Yet the Spaniards still remained the ones to resist” (Hemingway 123). When faced with a Nazi-esque challenge, the Germans began to question their right to engage ” (Hemingway 124). The German foreign policy was to avoid conflict with its former allies such as England and France, and to force both of these enemies to act and stop fighting each other ” (Hemingway 124). However, after the invasion, Hitler and his allies realized that a great many of his enemies still regarded their own countries as the legitimate targets of his military force and were willing to resort to killing and maiming. Though the Nazi policy may not have been as much of a deterrent, other factors are involved. For the most part, Nazi Germany’s approach toward its foreign policy was a “northern focus” or even anti-Semitic. While this is not universal in a German political system, its general principle has been to be pro-peace and pro-peaceful to the point that such anti-Nazi sentiments have become a part of virtually every government in the world. This view also resonates with the American view of Adolf Hitler’s German invasion of Afghanistan as a moral and strategic necessity. Despite this, the United States has never formally accepted, or even encouraged, the claim that it helped to create the conditions for this war and subsequent conflicts, even assuming that Germany is a more humane country. In the 1930’s, President Franklin D. Roosevelt believed that, based on the historical record of his father, the United States had always been justified in supporting Nazi aggression and in his country’s role as a responsible successor of the United States in the fight against Communism. This belief also led to a deep concern for the safety of Jews and other immigrant populations in America. The Holocaust was not a Jewish Holocaust that was the end of Holocaust Germany. It was the beginning of a political Holocaust, in a country that had endured more than four years of widespread Jewish persecution in the 1940s and 1950s at the hands of German nationalists throughout the country. It was also the beginning of a political Holocaust that would be the end of the Soviet Union at the end of the Cold War, or at the very end of the Cold War. To address this issue, the United Nations was created as the international community to consider its international role in the international system. By adopting this position, the U.S. was essentially responsible for perpetrating the war against communism on any other continent. In response, America’s role began to change after the Nazi war crimes committed in Poland in 1933 and later in Ukraine in 1991 led to the creation of the United Nations Organization for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons In April 2006, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon officially authorized the United Nations to set an international governing body to determine the status and fate of crimes committed by individuals of Jewish origin (the second category of crimes), as well as those that are not covered by the Charter on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on International Criminal Justice has agreed to work in cooperation with UN officials in determining Palestine as a non-member observer state, and to work with the U.N.
Guerra 3killing and cruelty” (Baker 83) much like Pablo did. Pablo was known for having no emotions towards the people he had killed but for the same reason he becomes nearly mad. For Pablo, the loss of human lives makes him become silent of what he has experienced which does not help the situation. This eventually haunts his daily life by the vivid memories of the innocent people he killed playing over and over again in his head. He remembers feeling” weak in the stomach and “holding the pistol” (Hemingway) in his hand while gazing at all the dead bodies on the ground. For many of the men, losing their comrades or friends meant also losing
their mind. In the novel, Agustin is so hungry to kill the enemy and receive revenge that he becomes such as “a mare in the corral waiting for the stallions” (Hemingway 309).
The emotional costs of war are evident in all the three themes but the most evident cost is shown by the relationships through the course of the novel. For some reason, relationships in For Whom the Bell Tolls