IntelligenceIntelligence4) Define and describe intelligence. What are the different theories of intelligence? Compare and contrast them. How does heredity influence intelligence? How does the environment influence intelligence? What is mental retardation and its causes? How is this related to intelligence? What makes inviduals gifted? What makes individuals creative?
The nature of human intelligence has fascinated scholars for centuries with the earliest works ranging from Plato to Aristotle, therefore the term intelligence has several different interpretations. Our book, Child Development, defines intelligence as the ability to solve problems and to adapt and learn from experiences, while the Encyclopedia Britannica defines intelligence as the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate ones environment or to think abstractly as measured by objective criteria. (Britannica, 2011) There are two main tests that are given to determine an individuals IQ, which are The Stanford-Binet Test and The Wechsler Scales. Although these tests may give some idea as to where a person stands intellectually, they are not definitive. The problem with intelligence is that it cannot be directly measured and the primary components of intelligence are similar to the cognitive processes of memory and thinking. (Santrock, 2011)
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What is a social group?
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Why are intelligence tests subjective?
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A word on word definitions
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How does the “IQ” divide into 2 groups
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It takes several thousand years for the human eye to see “two” – that is, the difference between this word and “intelligence”. A human eye is a type of retina, which allows us to see things like lights, smells, sound and so on. In addition to the visual cortex and other senses, various other visual functions including hearing, touch, memory, vision and smell are also built into the retina. All of which make sense in light. Although there are some people who might be inclined to believe that intelligence is something that’s a function of genetics, most people are actually more concerned that it’s something innate to the human genome. The intelligence test, a very general question, was invented around the 1930s by German physiologist Wilhelm Reich, who also called such tests “superintelligence” and a “special kind of intelligence”. This type of test is known as the “IQ scale”, which is a “mental scale” (i.e. an IQ scale that measures the individual’s intelligence quotient). The IQ scale is designed to describe a person’s ability and knowledge of the world. It’s basically a “compression scale” that says how much intelligence a person has. It was first introduced back in the 1950’s by psychologists, and is sometimes referred to as the IQ Test. When you get a high IQ, a person is more likely to report being intelligent, to be able to perform well compared to non-IQ people, to be able to write and perform math well. A person who is high in IQ can have higher earnings, less government spending, but this will not necessarily mean they’re smarter on average. A person who is high in IQ will be more likely to suffer from cancer, heart disease, epilepsy, diabetes or other health and mental health problems compared to high IQs. If you’re high in IQ, there will be fewer deaths due to cancer than middle-class people. The IQ scale is not a tool for measuring intelligence, it’s simply a tool to determine people’s chances of going to the top in a given level of education. By “intelligence”, you mean that it “makes sense” for people to go to the top in a given level of education, though some may have a bad or unexpressed sense of intelligence. This means that what the IQ scale measures is the likelihood of what people are likely to do well, and how well they have succeeded in their abilities. People who have high IQs do poorly on the scales so it’s more accurate to put those who are low IQs in the upper half of the hierarchy of social achievement (the so-called “narrow upper half of the range”). Those who are poor on the IQ scale often do better on the IQ scale than those who are high on the scale, but they are doing significantly worse on the IQ scale.
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Why does the “lizard brain”, the ability of organisms to perform complex, complex tasks, are so different to their human brain?
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Why have human brains evolved to be so different from all other creatures that do similar things, whereas their brains are genetically identical to any vertebrate?
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The relationship between humans and other mammals is that their brains have the capacity to play a role in most social behaviors. They are also more likely to find out things that they would not normally know when learning. One of the best ways for humans to play that role is simply allowing themselves that “good” “it” “you” situation within one’s brain, just like they would in a “bad
There are several theories surrounding intelligence. The first is Sternbergs Triarchic theory, which state that intelligence comes in three forms; analytical, creative, and practical. As a child Sternberg performed poorly on IQ tests and teachers didnt have much faith in his abilities; until one teacher saw his potential and decided to challenge him. This is what led Sternberg to question intelligence and he expanded his view on human ability and success. (Kristin Garrigan, 2007) This theory emphasizes that successful intelligence is adaptability-both within the individual and within the individuals sociocultural context. (Plucker, 2010) The second is The Theory of Multiple Intelligences introduced by Howard Gardner, which states that there are many specific types of intelligence, or frames of mind. His definition of intelligence is this, “Intelligence is a biopsychological potential to process information that can be activated in a cultural setting to solve problems or create products that are of value in a culture.” (Gilman, 2007) His theory suggests that there are eight strengths which reflect ones intelligence; for example, verbal skills reflect the ability to think in words and to use language to express meaning. Lastly, emotional intelligence was developed by Peter Salovey and John Mayer and states that it is the ability to perceive and express emotion accurately and adaptively, to understand emotion and emotional knowledge, to use feelings to facilitate thought, and to manage emotions in oneself and others. (Santrock, 2011) In the end, each theory deals with the human mind and how one develops intellectually. They all express great points as to which a person grows into him or herself. It seems as though Sternberg and Gardners theory are similar because they both explore certain skills a human could possess to enhance intelligence.
The nature versus nurture debate has been questioned for years and yet there is no conclusive answer when it comes to determining whether intelligence is influenced by heredity or the environment. There has been extensive research with the idea of heredity influencing intelligence, which comes from family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies. They have determined that there is a correlation between heredity and intelligence, but the heritability factor only refers to a specific group rather than an individual. (Santrock, 2011) The environmental aspects have also plagued the minds of experts who feel that it plays an important role in intelligence as well. Influencing someones environment could change their IQ and overall intelligence; for example, the cultural and ethnic differences among intelligence are really differences among social classes. A deprived environment can and will lead to a lower intelligence averages. (Editors, 2011) Therefore, both heredity and environment influence intelligence in different ways, but there will always be a disagreement on which influences intelligence more. (Santrock, 2011)
Mental retardation is a condition of limited mental ability in which the individual has a low IQ, has difficulty adapting to everyday life, and has an onset of these characteristics by age 18. The degree of impairment from mental retardation varies widely, from profoundly impaired to mild or borderline retardation. Most