Credit Derivatives
Credit Derivatives
Overview of Credit Derivatives and Implementation in FinCAD and Bloomberg
March 15th 2006
Table of Contents
Introduction to Credit Derivatives ……………………………………………………………………………………3
Types of Credit Derivatives ……………………………………………………………………………………6
Using FinCAD to price Credit Derivatives …………………………………………………………………………………..10
Using Bloomberg to price Credit Derivatives
………………………………………………….………………………………22
References
………………………………………………………………………………… 27
Introduction to Credit Derivatives
What are Credit Derivatives?
Definition: A credit derivative is a derivative security that is primarily used to transfer, hedge or manage credit risk. Its payoff is materially affected by credit risk.
Credit derivatives are financial contracts that allow the transfer of credit risk from one market participant to another, potentially facilitating greater efficiency in the pricing and distribution of credit risk among financial market participants. Formally, credit derivatives are bilateral financial contracts that isolate specific aspects of credit risk from an underlying instrument and transfer that risk between two parties. In so doing, credit derivatives separate the ownership and management of credit risk from other qualitative and quantitative aspects of ownership of financial assets.
The need and advantages of credit derivatives
Until recently, credit remained one of the major components of business risk for which no tailored risk-management products existed
Without credit derivatives, credit risk management was inefficient primarily because they do not separate the management of credit risk from the asset with which that risk is associated. For example, these strategies would either mean purchasing insurance on the credit risk exposure or simply carry the open exposure on the portfolio.
The Reference Entity, whose credit risk is being transferred, need neither be party to nor aware of a credit derivative transaction. This confidentiality enables banks and corporate treasurers to manage their credit risks discreetly without interfering with important customer relationships
Credit derivatives are the first mechanism via which short sales of credit instruments can be executed with any reasonable liquidity and without the risk of a short squeeze. The alternative for banks would have to short sell their loan which is more or less impossible.
Credit derivatives, except when embedded in structured notes, are off-balance sheet instruments.
The appeal of off- as opposed to on-balance-sheet exposure will differ by institution:
The more costly the balance sheet, the greater the appeal of an off-balance-sheet alternative.
The growth of the Credit Derivatives Market
The credit derivatives market is hugely popular and this is borne out by the growth in this market which is shown in the chart below
The exhibit below illustrates who uses credit derivatives and for what purpose.
Risks and Challenges
In the reference [3], the author has summarized some of the challenges and