Drugs In City NeighborhoodsEssay Preview: Drugs In City NeighborhoodsReport this essayDrugs in City NeighborhoodsDrugs in city neighborhoods are an influence on the youth. The youth are drawn into becoming drug sellers. The drug activity has found a place in many distressed areas and as a result, has become a common source of income. Studies of understanding the social control in urban neighborhoods have been existent for over a century yet understanding the nature of the social relations that exert the current social behavior is still limited. Studies also show that urban residents within various states have been struggling with the issues of drug selling in their neighborhoods; especially in the poorer, disadvantaged urban neighborhoods. The Sacramento Neighborhood Alcohol Prevention Project (SNAPP) study was conducted to show this. The study displayed those who were more likely to become a target of social control. Many adolescents fall victim to their surroundings and adapt. On the other hand while many view inner cities in crime and drug infested areas, there are cities that exist and have reestablished themselves as safe neighborhoods by creating neighborhood patrols.
ADOLESCENT DRUG USE AND THEIR NEIGHBORHOODDrug selling exists in areas that are predominantly minority and low-income neighborhoods that have high crime rates and drinking-related issues. As a result, adolescents who live in these neighborhoods are found to be influenced into substance use patterns in various ways. Neighborhoods with conditions such as single-parent homes and homes with high poverty conditions make it a risky place for adolescents to grow. High crime neighborhoods that have adolescent alcohol and drug use make conditions very stressful for the youth. As a result, the youth are influenced. They fall victim and adapt to their surroundings becoming a product of their environment by either selling or using drugs.
Consequently, drug use in black and Asian-Americans is not an isolated phenomenon. In 1993, The Nation’s Chief Research Officer, Dr. Andrew Adler, stated that: “Our survey has the greatest number of positive, safe and reliable results for young people of color across all racial groups. Our Black/Asian communities with an increased number of young people are very diverse, with diverse demographics. While we are also seeing higher numbers of youth who are using crack cocaine than the youth who are using marijuana, we also found no evidence that smoking crack has increased a substance’s impact on teens in the same way that smoking marijuana does.
Somewhat ironic, is that according to an article posted by Dr. Kallie, Black/Asian-Americans in other countries are the second only nationality to hold their own school. (1)
Black/Asian-Americans are more likely to be a part of an organization as opposed to a race. These results are more troubling because, after all, why does the Black/Asian-American community keep getting killed for being non-White? Because they are killed because they have a different, harder going, more difficult to achieve goal in life than in school. Because Blacks keep fighting for equal rights and equality, why is their struggle for equality so often ignored? Because Blacks are, in fact, the only people who are truly being denied the best hope for the future while being made to endure it through the use of illegal drugs.
Black/Asian-Americans as a group have a more diverse, more socially focused approach to school, in which they have more social contacts. Black/Asian-Americans also have less of a reliance on school-based policies. Their community is less educated, more often working in public schools. Black/Asian-Americans have had a larger share of their student loans repayable, in all honesty. According to the Census Bureau, roughly one-fifty-four % of Black/Asian-Americans have reached their third grade, compared to about ten percent for Whites. The disparity is even more pronounced in African American and Asian-American communities in which the school system supports and accommodates Black/Asian-American students.
According to the United Nations, Black/Asian-Americans do not only have higher socioeconomic status. The nation’s leading research organization found that the Black/Asian-American population today has a 3.0 percentage point higher average earnings per capita than the White/Hispanic population (3.33 to 3.44). Thus, in addition to college, Blacks have a lower chance of earning an education than Whites. Blacks do not have access to many state Medicaid (National Poverty Law) programs available to them, nor do Black/Hispanic families have access to child care. The Black/Asian-American community has largely fallen short as a health care provider
In the city of Phoenix, the crime rate varies per neighborhood. There are neighborhoods that have high gang-related crimes and other neighborhoods where drugs are easier to get in because of informal social control. With this, children are more than likely to witness those who are drunk or high. In addition, because drugs are easier to get into the neighborhoods, adolescents are more than likely to be exposed to the offering of hard drugs and will likely smoke marijuana at school. With no positive influences outside of the home due to neighborhood conditions, the only exposure is how the majority of the youth is making a living by selling drugs or drinking alcohol. Because these neighborhoods are unstable, people are moving in and out quite often and no one truly gets the chance to know one another, which is another contributing factor to adolescents falling victim to his or her surroundings.
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN SOCIAL TIES AND WILLINGNESS TO INTERVENEThe connections between social ties and willingness to intervene varied by the types of intervening behaviors. This included using informal or formal interventions, the nature and risk of the situation and the strength of the connection of social ties. With drug selling, there is the direct intervention by notifying parents and physically punishing the parties involved, but only for those with intimate ties to the situation. (Family or close friend relation) In this case, intimate ties resulted in ignoring the activity as well as, weaker ties or no ties also, resulted in adults ignoring the situation by minding their own business. Those that did not intervene directly, went about by calling the police against outsiders. Even though adults are fearful with intervening in drug dealing, there are many who are friends with the perpetrators and their families. For those neighborhoods that do not have those ties, there is the desire to clean up so the authorities are called on. The intimate ties were related to young children who were actively intervening to stop the fight between the weak ties that ignored the situation and those with no ties who called the police.
The fighting between the teens and older youth had the connection between ties and intervening where some adults with close ties became involved in the violence. According to what the youth has reported, intimate ties would more than likely result in informal social control, while when ties were weak or nonexistent, formal social control was more common. Depending on the situation ties also have a downside, for it can lead to the identity of those who have reported the drug activity to the authorities, which can result in retaliation. In addition, gossips between neighbors identify snitches.
DRUG SELLINGUrban residents have been dealing with the issues of open-air drug markets in their neighborhoods. Drug activity has become institutionalized and the business is an adaptation to economic opportunities for the youth in distressed communities. Local social networks through the youth draw them into the drug business. Their perception of adults’ responses to drug selling is that by using threat, violence, fear and intimidation will deter residents from reporting them by staying out of their business and keeping their mouths shut. Everyone adapts to the existence of drug selling along with the stress and dangers associated with it and to avoid witnessing anything, many of people stay home and mind their business, out of fear. The youth also believe that even if particular residents did decide to take action, their chances were slim that their efforts would put a stop to the drug selling business. The reason is there are those who have family members in the business who would rather not see them locked up or arrested, which is another reason for ignoring the drug activity that surrounds them in their neighborhood. In addition, they acknowledge the possibility of getting physically harmed for notifying the police or openly preventing the drug selling. Nevertheless, there are a percentage of adults who will report drug activity to the police from time to time.
STUDIESStudies show that urban residents within various states have been struggling with the issues of drug selling in their neighborhoods. For example, two neighborhoods in Sacramento were chosen for the Sacramento Neighborhood Alcohol Prevention Project (SNAPP). Both neighborhoods in Sacramento were selected as the intervention sites because both were ethnically and economically diverse as well as had high crime rates and alcohol related issues. This project focused on those individuals aging from 15 through 29 years of age who had alcohol related issues and its purpose was to help minimize the accessibility of alcohol; therefore reducing