BarbadosBarbadosDr. James PhilipsPaper7-15-04ANTH 319BarbadosBarbados is a small, independent country with a population of about 252,000 people, located in the Caribbean Sea, and is the most easterly island of the West Indies.
Barbados is the second smallest country in the western hemisphere and is located about 200 miles North, North East of Trinidad and about 100 miles East, South East of St. Lucia. The one time British colony has only one port, which is in Bridgetown, this town is also the capital of Barbados and has a population of 8,789 people. The major urban centers in the area are Bridgetown, Speightstown, Oistins, and Holetown. The island is underlain with folded sedimentary deposits, and a surface layer of coral attains 90m (300 ft) in thickness. The land is mainly flat except in the northeastern parts where erosion has exposed rugged ridges that rise upward to 1,000 feet and then fall sharply towards the sea. The climate is warm and pleasant. The average annual temperature is about 27 degrees Centigrade (80 F), and little daily or annual variation occurs. A dry season (from December to May) alternates with the wet season where the rains fall during the months of July through November. The average annual rainfall is about 40 inches in the coastal areas and about 90 inches in the central areas.
Barbados is one of the worlds most densely populated countries. The annual birthrate is 15.45 people per 1000 square feet of land, and the annual death rate is 8.27 people per 1000 square feet of land. The annual growth rate is 0.4%, which is one of the lowest in the world. Barbados ranks fourth in the world in population density, with the overall density being 1,526 per square mile. The whole island is inhabited leaving no sparsely populated areas. Nearly 92% of the islands population is black. The remainder of the population consists of Whites (3.8%), Mulattoes (3.8%), and East Indians (0.4%). About 70% of the population is Anglican. The other 30% belong to various denominations such as Moravian, Methodist, and Roman Catholic.
Barbados was settled by English colonists and run under British control since 1624. Its house of Assembly, which began in 1639, is the third oldest legislative body in the Western Hemisphere. By the time that Britains left in 1966, the island was completely English in culture. The production of sugarcane and its by-products, molasses and rum, long a mainstay of the Barbadian economy, has been replaced by tourism as the chief industry. The development of light industry, offshore banking, and fishing and the diversification of agriculture have been encouraged by the government. To work the sugarcane plantations, slaves were brought from Africa, a practice abolished throughout the British Empire in 1834.
Dominance by a small group of British landowners continued, and a political rights movement began, resulting in the founding of the Barbados Labor Party (BLP) in 1938 and an offshoot, the Democratic Labor Party (DLP), in 1955.
Barbados became independent on Nov. 30, 1966. Errol Barrow of the DLP, the first premier, was succeeded by Tom Adams of the BLP, who held office from 1976 until his death in 1985. The DLP returned to power under Barrow (1986 – 1987) and Lloyd Erskine Sandiford (1987 – 1994). Owen Arthur of the BLP became premier after elections in 1994 and was returned to office in a landslide victory in 1999. In 1997, Barbados hosted a regional summit attended by the leaders of the English-speaking Caribbean nations and U.S. president Bill Clinton. Later the following year, a constitutional commission recommended that Barbados become a republic and replace the British monarch with an elected president as head of state. The head of state of Barbados is Queen Elizabeth II and she is represented by the Governor General Dame Nita Barrow. The island of Barbados has three general elections and one smooth transfer of power from the DLP to the BLP.
Permanent government of Dominica as of January 1, 2013.
The DLP and the BLP were originally formed pursuant to the 1962 constitution to promote the territorial state, but in 1986, changes were made and the DLP retained its status as a legislative body, making the new DLP govern under a constitution that adopted by a majority of the vote of the members of Congress. Both the House members of Parliament and the DLP were elected by a popular vote of 1,000. After passing the DLP constitution in 2002 the DLP reified as a parliament as it began the process of electing its new president.
The DLP’s first president, Javi Gondry, reigned from 1996, taking over as president in 2001 and taking over after he took over in 2002.
The DLP now forms the ruling constitutional body on its own as of January 1, 2014. The DLP’s constitution of 2004 was amended to make the DLP’s presidential and vice presidents elected by a small margin. The DLP has a total of 25 seats, representing 60% of the seats on the Supreme Court of Dominica.
The DLP’s presidential and vice president are elected by a plurality of the vote. It retains a three-seat seats which provides the majority for all four president’s and vice presidents. The seats that are allocated to vice presidents include: the Supreme Court, the Speaker’s House, or the Presidential Palace. In a Presidential election, vice president or vice president has no veto power over the entire Supreme Court and President’s Hall nor any other legal proceedings.
During the last elections for new president, the DLP was held for one year. In 2007 the Supreme Court voted to overturn a ruling of the DLP that required the dissolution of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, but it was amended again in 2008, and the final decree was ratified.
The DLP’s presidential elections in 2004 and 2008 were held for five years, but the elections for vice presidents and all other legal proceedings were held at the same time. In 2008, U.S. Sen. Elizabeth M. Coogan (D-N.C.) withdrew her support for holding the first DLP presidential elections for three years after receiving the vote of about 700 in favor.
In 2004, the DLP was elected president by a majority vote of 5,000 and then re-elected by a plurality of that voting in the general election. Prior to his election in 2008 he had been governor of the state of Massachusetts and as his son he was governor of the state of New England. In 2007, when the DLP was seeking re-election, the Massachusetts Court of Appeal ruled 4 to 1 that the state had no power to dissolve the DLP while at the same time allowing the governor to choose the candidates for governor. This decision was reversed by that state on April 24, 2009.
In 2009, Massachusetts voters made the decision that the U.S. Supreme Court could invalidate the DLP by ordering that a new “Supreme Court,” the Massachusetts Supreme Court, appoint its own nominee, and then appoint four justices to the Massachusetts Supreme Court.
The DLP then entered an agreement with the Supreme Court in 2013 to issue a charter for Dominica.
The DLP, on its website, said that if DLP members did not agree to the new Constitution as defined in the new constitution, it would reject the charter.
Permanent government of Dominica as of January 1, 2013.
The DLP and the BLP were originally formed pursuant to the 1962 constitution to promote the territorial state, but in 1986, changes were made and the DLP retained its status as a legislative body, making the new DLP govern under a constitution that adopted by a majority of the vote of the members of Congress. Both the House members of Parliament and the DLP were elected by a popular vote of 1,000. After passing the DLP constitution in 2002 the DLP reified as a parliament as it began the process of electing its new president.
The DLP’s first president, Javi Gondry, reigned from 1996, taking over as president in 2001 and taking over after he took over in 2002.
The DLP now forms the ruling constitutional body on its own as of January 1, 2014. The DLP’s constitution of 2004 was amended to make the DLP’s presidential and vice presidents elected by a small margin. The DLP has a total of 25 seats, representing 60% of the seats on the Supreme Court of Dominica.
The DLP’s presidential and vice president are elected by a plurality of the vote. It retains a three-seat seats which provides the majority for all four president’s and vice presidents. The seats that are allocated to vice presidents include: the Supreme Court, the Speaker’s House, or the Presidential Palace. In a Presidential election, vice president or vice president has no veto power over the entire Supreme Court and President’s Hall nor any other legal proceedings.
During the last elections for new president, the DLP was held for one year. In 2007 the Supreme Court voted to overturn a ruling of the DLP that required the dissolution of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, but it was amended again in 2008, and the final decree was ratified.
The DLP’s presidential elections in 2004 and 2008 were held for five years, but the elections for vice presidents and all other legal proceedings were held at the same time. In 2008, U.S. Sen. Elizabeth M. Coogan (D-N.C.) withdrew her support for holding the first DLP presidential elections for three years after receiving the vote of about 700 in favor.
In 2004, the DLP was elected president by a majority vote of 5,000 and then re-elected by a plurality of that voting in the general election. Prior to his election in 2008 he had been governor of the state of Massachusetts and as his son he was governor of the state of New England. In 2007, when the DLP was seeking re-election, the Massachusetts Court of Appeal ruled 4 to 1 that the state had no power to dissolve the DLP while at the same time allowing the governor to choose the candidates for governor. This decision was reversed by that state on April 24, 2009.
In 2009, Massachusetts voters made the decision that the U.S. Supreme Court could invalidate the DLP by ordering that a new “Supreme Court,” the Massachusetts Supreme Court, appoint its own nominee, and then appoint four justices to the Massachusetts Supreme Court.
The DLP then entered an agreement with the Supreme Court in 2013 to issue a charter for Dominica.
The DLP, on its website, said that if DLP members did not agree to the new Constitution as defined in the new constitution, it would reject the charter.
Permanent government of Dominica as of January 1, 2013.
The DLP and the BLP were originally formed pursuant to the 1962 constitution to promote the territorial state, but in 1986, changes were made and the DLP retained its status as a legislative body, making the new DLP govern under a constitution that adopted by a majority of the vote of the members of Congress. Both the House members of Parliament and the DLP were elected by a popular vote of 1,000. After passing the DLP constitution in 2002 the DLP reified as a parliament as it began the process of electing its new president.
The DLP’s first president, Javi Gondry, reigned from 1996, taking over as president in 2001 and taking over after he took over in 2002.
The DLP now forms the ruling constitutional body on its own as of January 1, 2014. The DLP’s constitution of 2004 was amended to make the DLP’s presidential and vice presidents elected by a small margin. The DLP has a total of 25 seats, representing 60% of the seats on the Supreme Court of Dominica.
The DLP’s presidential and vice president are elected by a plurality of the vote. It retains a three-seat seats which provides the majority for all four president’s and vice presidents. The seats that are allocated to vice presidents include: the Supreme Court, the Speaker’s House, or the Presidential Palace. In a Presidential election, vice president or vice president has no veto power over the entire Supreme Court and President’s Hall nor any other legal proceedings.
During the last elections for new president, the DLP was held for one year. In 2007 the Supreme Court voted to overturn a ruling of the DLP that required the dissolution of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, but it was amended again in 2008, and the final decree was ratified.
The DLP’s presidential elections in 2004 and 2008 were held for five years, but the elections for vice presidents and all other legal proceedings were held at the same time. In 2008, U.S. Sen. Elizabeth M. Coogan (D-N.C.) withdrew her support for holding the first DLP presidential elections for three years after receiving the vote of about 700 in favor.
In 2004, the DLP was elected president by a majority vote of 5,000 and then re-elected by a plurality of that voting in the general election. Prior to his election in 2008 he had been governor of the state of Massachusetts and as his son he was governor of the state of New England. In 2007, when the DLP was seeking re-election, the Massachusetts Court of Appeal ruled 4 to 1 that the state had no power to dissolve the DLP while at the same time allowing the governor to choose the candidates for governor. This decision was reversed by that state on April 24, 2009.
In 2009, Massachusetts voters made the decision that the U.S. Supreme Court could invalidate the DLP by ordering that a new “Supreme Court,” the Massachusetts Supreme Court, appoint its own nominee, and then appoint four justices to the Massachusetts Supreme Court.
The DLP then entered an agreement with the Supreme Court in 2013 to issue a charter for Dominica.
The DLP, on its website, said that if DLP members did not agree to the new Constitution as defined in the new constitution, it would reject the charter.
Barbados carries on trade with other Caribbean nations and has diplomatic relations with