Relationship Between Cars Per Person, Co2 Emissions Per Capita and Gdp Per Capita
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Executive Summary
The following report studies the relationship between the GDP per capita, number of cars per capita and carbon dioxide emissions per capita. The three main statistical analysis methods used are correlation, regression and scatter plot diagrams.
Introduction
In the report statistical analysis is made between the number of passenger cars per capita and CO2 emissions in a list of 12 countries. This way it will show whether countries that have more cars per person necessarily produce more carbon dioxide gasses per person and therefore have higher contribution to the worldwide air pollution. Furthermore it compares the GDP per capita with the number of passenger cars per person to indicate whether wealthier countries have more cars than poorer countries based on their GDP per capita.
Data collection and analysis
The list of 12 countries is randomly selected from a larger list that consists in total of 18 countries. The data used in the report has been standardised for the year of 2009 and all units are converted into per capita values so that the risk of error due to unit differences can be avoided. The carbon dioxide values are taken from The Guardians website, the GDP per capita values are taken from a Greek online database and the passenger cars per capita are calculated from the website of the World Bank which provides the information per 1000 people and the values are divided by 1000 in order to receive the per capita rates. All three are considered as reliable resources.
Sample data shown in table form
Table 1 provides the data values which are used throughout the report for the different statistical analysis methods. Table 2 provides the descriptive statistics of the three different columns in Table 1. Furthermore the bold figures in Table 1 represent all the values above the median and the italics represent all the values below the median.
Table 1.
Country
GDP p.c. 2009 $
Passenger cars per 1000 persons 2009
Carbon dioxide emissions per capita 2009
Australia
38 100
19,64
Brazil
10 100
0,178
Canada
39 300
16,15
China
6 000
0,034
France
32 700
0,496
Germany
34 800
India
2 800
0,012
Italy
31 000
0,596
Japan
34 200
0,454
Russia
15 800
0,233
11,23
36 600
47 000
0,439
17,67
Table 2.
GDP p.c. 2009 (dollars)
Passenger cars per capita 2009
CO2 emissions per capita 2009
27366,6667
0,365166667
9,4675
Standard Error
4231,82985
Standard Error
0,057589303
Standard Error
1,67270608
Median
33450
Median
0,4465
Median
8,495
Standard Deviation
14659,4886
Standard Deviation
0,199495196
Standard Deviation
5,79442385
Sample Variance
214900606
Sample Variance
0,039798333
Sample Variance
33,5753477
Kurtosis
-1,0475651
Kurtosis
-0,647032725
Kurtosis
-0,5721665
Skewness
-0,6598744
Skewness
-0,868666296
Skewness
0,4959275
Range
44200
Range
0,584
Range
18,26
Minimum
Minimum
0,012
Minimum
Maximum
47000
Maximum
0,596
Maximum
19,64
328400
4,382
113,61
Count
Count
Count
Analysis
The statistical technique used to examine the data is correlation. The correlation index which varies from 1 to -1 expresses the strength of the relationship and whether it is positive or negative.
The first relationship that will be examined is the one between Passenger cars per capita and carbon dioxide emissions