Britain’s Salvation: Cryptography at Bletchly ParkJoin now to read essay Britain’s Salvation: Cryptography at Bletchly ParkBritains Salvation:Cryptography at Bletchley ParkIn the beginning of World War II, Britain set up an intelligence agency on the outskirts of London to be used as the center of intelligence operations during Britains battle against Germany. The agency consisted of a group of small houses, dubbed “huts”, within a large estate called Bletchley Park (Kahn 32). Here Britains best scientists, teachers, chess champions and other great minds stayed for the majority of the war obtaining information that would help Britain win (Hinsley 4). The main focus of Bletchley Park was cryptography, the decryption of enemy transmissions. In the beginning of the war a new encoding system had been developed by Germany making it nearly impossible for Britain to decrypt intercepted messages. Using new technology and Britains greatest minds, Britain was able to decode messages from the Germans, Japanese, and Italians. This breakthrough eventually led to the defeat of Germany in World War II. Though many people may contend that Bletchley Park did not significantly aid the British in defeating Germany, it in fact contributed greatly in obtaining information that eventually lead to Britains victory of Germany. The contributions made by those at Bletchley Park in cryptography significantly aided the British in their defeat of Germany in World War II.
At the very beginning of the war, Germany developed a new encrypting system that perplexed British cryptographers for more than a year. It was known as the Enigma. Using a combination of three rotating wheels and changing the order of these wheels daily made it nearly impossible for the British cryptographers to decipher. The code changed every day and none of the intercepted messages were longer than a couple hundred letters (Sebag-Montefiore 57). Since the wheels rotated slightly for each character that was typed, the code had over 17,500 different codes on a given day. Because the code did not repeat until the 17576th character, it made it more difficult for the allies to recognize any patterns in the transmissions (Hinsley 94). Without being able to decode the encryption system, Britain and their allies were unable to learn about the movements of the German troops and submarines or U-boats. As the beginning of the war progressed, the number of British convoys that were being sunk by German U-boats increased drastically. Finally, when it looked like Germany would overtake Britain, England was able to obtain the codes for the Enigma.
In April of 1941, the British obtained these codes when a British destroyer, the Bulldog was attacked by a German U-110, a type of submarine. The Bulldog was able to disable the U-110 using depth charges. The crew of the U-110 abandoned the submarine leaving it to sink and thus destroy the Enigma and codebooks that were on board (Kahn 21-22). However, Crewmembers of the Bulldog were able to board the U-110 and obtain the Enigma and corresponding codebooks for the next month. This gave British cryptographers at Bletchley Park the edge that they needed to help determine Germanys encryption system. It also allowed England and their allies to begin to retaliate against the Germans. After determining the encryption system, Britain was then able to decode any transmissions that Germany encrypted using the Enigma. Germany never learned about their breach in security and they did not know that Britain had the Enigma until the information was finally released in the 1970s (Sebag-Montefiore 165). As a result of obtaining the Enigma, Britain was able to take the offensive.
With the knowledge of the Germans codes, Britain was able to begin launching an offensive of their own. They began to win more battles and fewer British convoys were sunk due to the intelligence gained from the British cryptographers at Bletchley Park. The cryptographers were able to intercept transmissions of U-boat movement and warn the convoys nearby to change their path to avoid them. As the war progressed, Germany produced more U-boats making it nearly impossible for Britain and their allies to avoid them. However, with the knowledge of the U-boats approximate location, the allies were now able to launch attacks on the U-boats, destroying Germanys only effective sea weapon. Using the knowledge of the people at Bletchley Park, the British also began to win more battles frequently halting Germanys advance. In the Mediterranean they won the battle of Matapan, destroying Germanys control in that area (Hinsley 62). They were also able to halt Rommels advance in North
h, which resulted in the decisive victory and an opening in the war. The British in their last war fought the Italian diaspora in the Mediterranean (Hinsley 79, p. 10).
As the war progressed, Europe expanded for the first time and the U.S. war was finally declared, leading to further cooperation in many ways. One is the European conflict in WWII. Between the Allies and the U.S., there was a major conflict of interest. The alliance came to a standstill after the Treaty of Versailles in 1943. When he was on his fourth tour, President Roosevelt, who had been looking for a way to work out a peace settlement to the allies, became a senior official in the White House and took on many of the questions and conflicts in the conflict. He started with the simple goal of improving relations between the Allied and Allied countries, with no major differences. This is what he did, and that’s what was needed. Eventually the American side and allies had to deal with each other, but to do so, President Roosevelt, who was trying to make sure all parties kept their eyes and ears on the peace process, came to a standstill. Because of the European side’s attitude concerning the U-boats and especially Germanys, Roosevelt began to start looking for work with the Allies. However, the treaty in 1943 was designed to meet this requirement, and after negotiations, the Allies agreed that they would pay for a comprehensive war plan against the German boats. By 1949, after the deal was broken, no progress had occurred on the final treaty. In the end a final peace treaty was signed, with the final U-boat agreement with the British to be presented on November 9, 1948.
U.S. war games and alliances
The U.S. was one of the few non-aligned powers that was not a member in the Allied-controlled World War II. This was because most of its territory was already occupied by nations or even parts of nations. Many of the smaller countries didn’t want to fight in one of these wars. By doing so, the United States, which had already established a strong political and military presence abroad, was able to develop a more effective war fleet and air force in defense of its members. During World War II, the U.S. military was in the area of bombing Japan and Japan was trying to develop an active anti-aircraft battery that could be used against enemy units. The Navy deployed an aircraft carrier after the treaty was signed with the US, with the purpose of fighting out in the Mediterranean and the Sea of Japan. Meanwhile, several of the U.S. Navy aircraft, the F-105, are stationed in Libya (Fang 5). In the last conflict of the Cold War, the U.S. Navy’s ability to strike U.S. ships during the fight with enemy vessels was one of the many factors that led to the failure of those wars.
In the early stages of the war, there were two major types of U.S. battleships; a small, guided missile system known as the “U.S. Stinger” and a larger guided submarine system known as the “Manta.” The latter is a small guided missile with a range of 12,000 nautical miles. The U.S. Stinger was only used in the first of the two conflicts, the Battle of Malta in 1945. It was only after the war started that the U.S. began to build a larger and more powerful guided missile and in the summer of 1944 (Hinsley 55) the United States ordered the creation of the “Singer.” In the last battles of the Cold War and the war between Japan and their Soviet neighbors, the US Navy