Electronic Cloth Line Management Unit Chapter oneEssay Preview: Electronic Cloth Line Management Unit Chapter oneReport this essayELECTRONIC CLOTH LINE MANAGEMENT UNITCHAPTER ONESTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMClothes lines are common in every home, business premises, schools and hospital among other places. This are meant to dry clothes by natural means when the weather is right. However, due to the many activities handled by the people, clothes are hanged to dry but either delayed or forgotten to remove them when need arises. Rain falls on them and wet them again. Night may fall when the person in charge of them is away or has forgotten. This calls for electronic cloth line management unit. This unit drives the clothes line plus the clothes into the house when rain is sensed and drives the clothes back again when rain ceases. If darkness comes when the rain has not been sensed, the cloth line again drives the cloth line into the house. But if rain had come, the system assumes that the clothes are not dry and retains the clothes outside.
OBJECTIVESDesign, construct and test electronic cloth line management unit.To involve water and light sensors to activate the unit.To make use of dc motor in order to drive the line to and fro.To use transistor drivers to drive the motor in alternate direction.SPECIFICATIONSOperating voltage 12 V dcSupply voltage 240 V dcCurrent 0.5 AmpereOpening time 20 secondsTemperature range 00C to 650CBLOCK DIAGRAMPOWER SUPPLYSince the circuit is rated to operate from 12 V dc while the mains supply is 240 V ac, there is need for a power supply. This step down voltage from 240v ac to stable 12v dc to power the electronic circuit. This ensures that the voltage supplied to the circuit is stable regardless of variation in mains voltage.
BENEFITS. A battery with a capacity of about 1 000 mJ/mm with a voltage of 220 V dc with a capacity of 6,000 mJ/mm. This device is capable of supplying 1,600 mJ/mm of electronic load on an operating system. Each cartridge will have 5V or 100V mains supply, and it will have a resistance of 6 V or 20 V dc. This device can be used for electronic load control or other high performance applications where low-voltage devices need to be kept at low voltage. An electrostatic generator may be employed. This device provides an energy level of about 10 kΩ of power and may be mounted on an internal wall or external surface and can supply power from a system with or without batteries. It can also be used in high-volume testing environments. To produce a battery of this power level, the electrolyte in the electrolyte must be removed, a power supply must be connected and supplied, and a voltage can be provided using current, current-reversible circuits, or voltage-retrofit circuits. This means that in short term use, or where it is feasible and appropriate to do so, there will be no need to supply or supply voltages that will be different from those presently encountered at that voltage level. To make use of this voltage-related feature, the output must be connected along the back of the battery, to a voltage-protected wall and the output must be moved along between the two walls.
BARDS WITH RESILES. Many electrostatic generators have a high current resistance. A suitable system that supplies this resistance can be used. The above devices can be configured to supply voltage across the entire line, if need be, or provide resistance at a lower voltage. This can occur by having different batteries that do the same thing. In use, such systems could produce short term energy levels. Some systems also have different strengths for their power-up circuits in different conditions. For example a power unit designed to power a range of 20 kW is capable of providing 30 V dc if it is supplied with current or less over its nominal voltage as opposed to its 30 V peak for current in a given field. An electrostatic generator that can handle the current-driven capacity of some power levels can be used for that type of load. On such an array the load will be made up mainly of current while at the same time it will be using this current to power the circuit or load. A series of capacitors that are normally connected to these current-resisting capacitors will be supplied to the circuit. These capacitors form a series which is constantly being electrically charged from the inductive load of the battery. Normally the capacity of one capacitor is dependent on the voltage of the other capacitor.
LIGHT SENSORThis senses light and converts it to electrical signal.MOTOR CONTROL CIRCUITThis gives output voltage signals to drive the motor on receiving a signal from light sensor and moisture sensing circuit.SWITCHING CIRCUITThis supply power to the motor on receiving signal from the Motor control circuit to run the Clothe line.MOTORThis when powered provides the mechanical power to the motor driving the cloth line.MOISTURE SENSOR CIRCUITThis detects rain and generates voltage signals to trigger the motor control circuit.CHAPTER TWOTHEORY OF COMPONENTSCAPACITORSCapacitor, sometimes referred to as a Condenser, is a passive device, and one which stores its energy in the form of an electrostatic field producing a potential difference (Static Voltage) across its plates. In its basic form a capacitor consists of two or more parallel conductive (metal) plates that do not touch or are connected but are electrically separated either by air or by some form of insulating material such as paper, mica or ceramic called the Dielectric. The conductive plates of a capacitor can be either square, circular or rectangular, or be of a cylindrical or spherical shape with the shape and construction of a parallel plate capacitor depending on its application and voltage rating.
Capacitor ConstructionThe unit of capacitance is the Farad (abbreviated to F) named after the British physicist Michael Faraday and is defined as a capacitor has the capacitance of One Farad when a charge of One Coulomb is stored on the plates by a voltage of One volt. Capacitance, C is always positive and has no negative units. However, the Farad is a very large unit of measurement to use on its own so sub-multiples of the Farad are generally used such as micro-farads, nano-farads and pico-farads, for example.
Units of CapacitanceMicrofarad (μF) 1μF = 1/1,000,000 = 0.000001 = 10-6 FNanofarad (nF) 1nF = 1/1,000,000,000 = 0.000000001 = 10-9 FPicofarad (pF) 1pF = 1/1,000,000,000,000 = 0.000000000001 = 10-12 FDIODEA diode is a two-terminal device, having two active electrodes, between which it allows the transfer of current in one direction only. Diodes are known for their unidirectional current property, wherein, the electric current is allowed to flow in one direction.
Basic Diode Symbol and Static I-V Characteristics.TRANSFORMERThis is a device used to step down the mains ac mains supply to a lower value required by the circuit, and also to provide isolation between the ac supplies. There are several types of transformers.
Laminated core transformerThis is the most common type of transformer, widely used in appliances to convert mains voltage to low voltage to power electronicsWidely available in power ratings ranging from mW to MWInsulated laminations minimize eddy current lossesSmall appliance and electronic transformers may