Armenian GenocideEssay title: Armenian GenocideGenocide is typically defined as the systematic extermination of a particular group of people who share some sort of commonality whether it is race, nationality, political alignment, or perhaps culture. Simply put, genocide is the mass killing of a group of people. For many, the mere concept of genocide is impossible to rationalize in their own minds, let alone discuss amongst others with. As shocking as it is, all people must come to terms with the fact that genocide, as savage as it may be, is something that does in fact happen, and it’s horrors that come along with it were not taken out of a fiction book. Genocides are real and continue to still happen today; even the genocides that are long past will never be forgotten, as they continue to carry with them the aftermath they left behind that will never fade with time. Genocides have plagued history for hundreds if not thousands of years and will dejectedly plague the future until there is no one left to kill, and sadly the idea of genocide will be the last thought remembered. No genocide is worse than the next; they all destroy peace and harvest the good that does exist. The Armenian Genocide was a multitude of horrors triggered by the same quintessential human intolerance that catapult all such evil, and is still the cause of many heated debates in the countries of (but not limited to) Armenia and Turkey.
The Republic of Armenia, as it is officially known by, is a landlocked country that sees Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, and Azerbaijan to the south and east. Armenia’s religious roots date back to Christianity, with churches being found as early as the fourth century. Armenia is unique because during its early existence it was under either Turkic or Persian rule, with aspects of both cultures blending together in a resulting Armenia. Armenia has a unique alphabet despite its birth from the Indo-European languages. Armenia houses about three million people in roughly twelve-thousand square miles of land, with Yerevan as the modern day capital (BBC Armenia).
The Ottoman Empire, as it was known as from its founding in the late thirteenth century until its demise in the early twentieth century, was centered in present-day Turkey. The Ottomans have come to be known as one of the most powerful civilizations of the modern period, and have come to be known as the main influence for many Middle-Eastern and European countries to follow. By the beginning of the seventeenth century, the Ottomans were the wealthiest and most powerful state in the world, some of this great power at the expense of their neighbor Armenia (Hooker).
The Ottomans however were beginning to decline quickly, and they began to fear the Armenians living within the Ottoman Empire were going to align with Russia and defeat the Ottomans. The first glimpse of the travesties that were going to unfold to Armenians came under the hands of Abdul Hamid II, the thirty-fourth sultan of the Ottomans. The heaviest discriminations towards Armenians were seen when Hamid II was in power, and in the early eighteen-nineties the Armenians began to protest to end their unfair discriminations, obtain the right to vote and to push for the establishment of a constitutional government (Hooker). “In the following months, systematic pogroms swept over every district of Turkish Armenia. The slaughter of between 100,000 and 200,000 Armenians, forced conversion of scores of villages, the looting and burning of hundreds of settlements, and the coerced flight into exile of thousands of Armenians became Abdul-Hamids actual response to European meddling” (Hovannisian, 17). The cries of the Armenians were not for reform anymore, but for the loss of so many innocents. The killings took place between eighteen ninety-five and eighteen ninety-seven. This is considered to be by some scholars the first stage of the Armenian Genocide; the majority of scholars do not credit Hamid II’s massacres to be a part of the impending genocide (Hooker).
However crippled the Armenian people may have been during those times, they saw a glimmer of hope. In 1908, a coup d’etat was staged by officers in the Turkish Third Army; the Turks succeeded in throwing Hamid II out of power and returning their nation back to a constitutional monarchy. This success was short-lived as a counter-coup is a mere year away, and is now known to be called as the Adana Massacre. While the massacre mainly aimed at the new Young Turk government their efforts were to be thrown-off by the protesting Armenians, who were riding on a wave of nationalism. Soon pogroms began to exterminate the Armenians, as opposed to simply trying to quell their violence. It is estimated that roughly thirty-thousand Armenians were killed in the massacre; this was still not even the half of what Armenians throughout were going to be faced with (Human Rights Council).
Hamas, Israel and Ukraine – The History of the Black Star
In the early years of their power in Russia in 1904, the Soviet Union was preparing to invade the new Soviet Union. Ukraine was a safe haven for those fleeing the Soviet Union. The U.S. was also attempting to reestablish its foothold and in February of 1905, after two years of diplomatic negotiations between the two empires, Moscow approved a new declaration of war for the former Soviet Union. The new government then attempted to re-establish diplomatic relations between the two former Empire’s countries. After some time, however, both the U.S. and the Soviet Union were involved in a bitter war of words.
On July, 1907, the United States issued the American Association letter to all of the governments of the former Soviet Union. The note accused each of committing war crimes as well as attempting to “unseat” their former rulers. The message of the American Association was that this “unnecessary military action” “could be authorized by a declaration of war.” It then called upon Russia, which was apparently unaware of the letter and therefore didn’t have to follow up with the United States.
On September 13th, the United States signed an unconditional and resolvable treaty signed between the three capitals of the former Soviet Union. The treaty had basically no effect on the outcome of any of the actions mentioned in the letter – the United States did sign it and while one of these action was deemed a threat to the peace between Moscow and Moscow, it did not cause much confusion between Moscow and the United States.
Although it’s unlikely that this was the first time a new American president had come to power in his country they had met for these first several years in the United States. Despite the fact that the United States does not need a new president, at least they did not have a new ambassador to Moscow, so that is not a reason to think that President Trump did not have the ability to establish new relations with the Russians. Russia’s own Foreign Minister Yuri Rushchev also did not have an ambassador to the United States and a new ambassador was in place in February of this year, but the White House did not think much of the new president. In fact, as there seem to be some reasons behind his opposition to the new president, it appears that the new president was aware that relations with Russia had improved since the previous administration.
In addition to President Trump’s hostility towards the Russian President, Russia attempted to maintain their diplomatic relations against the United States. The fact that they were so close to the Russian President and this was a direct result was only partially to blame, as Washington was already aware of the fact that Russia was trying to gain diplomatic leverage of their own with the United States. They were aware that there was a possibility that the British and Americans who had been negotiating with the Russians might not have been allowed to pass the Russian passport. That was also why they were attempting to gain the diplomatic leverage of the American embassy.
President Trump’s anti-Russian stance and hostile attitude towards Russia, as we noted earlier, led to American officials making plans for other potential conflicts. On January 27th, Trump tweeted that Russia “should not be allowed to get to the stage where it can use its influence in our political system to further influence
Hamas, Israel and Ukraine – The History of the Black Star
In the early years of their power in Russia in 1904, the Soviet Union was preparing to invade the new Soviet Union. Ukraine was a safe haven for those fleeing the Soviet Union. The U.S. was also attempting to reestablish its foothold and in February of 1905, after two years of diplomatic negotiations between the two empires, Moscow approved a new declaration of war for the former Soviet Union. The new government then attempted to re-establish diplomatic relations between the two former Empire’s countries. After some time, however, both the U.S. and the Soviet Union were involved in a bitter war of words.
On July, 1907, the United States issued the American Association letter to all of the governments of the former Soviet Union. The note accused each of committing war crimes as well as attempting to “unseat” their former rulers. The message of the American Association was that this “unnecessary military action” “could be authorized by a declaration of war.” It then called upon Russia, which was apparently unaware of the letter and therefore didn’t have to follow up with the United States.
On September 13th, the United States signed an unconditional and resolvable treaty signed between the three capitals of the former Soviet Union. The treaty had basically no effect on the outcome of any of the actions mentioned in the letter – the United States did sign it and while one of these action was deemed a threat to the peace between Moscow and Moscow, it did not cause much confusion between Moscow and the United States.
Although it’s unlikely that this was the first time a new American president had come to power in his country they had met for these first several years in the United States. Despite the fact that the United States does not need a new president, at least they did not have a new ambassador to Moscow, so that is not a reason to think that President Trump did not have the ability to establish new relations with the Russians. Russia’s own Foreign Minister Yuri Rushchev also did not have an ambassador to the United States and a new ambassador was in place in February of this year, but the White House did not think much of the new president. In fact, as there seem to be some reasons behind his opposition to the new president, it appears that the new president was aware that relations with Russia had improved since the previous administration.
In addition to President Trump’s hostility towards the Russian President, Russia attempted to maintain their diplomatic relations against the United States. The fact that they were so close to the Russian President and this was a direct result was only partially to blame, as Washington was already aware of the fact that Russia was trying to gain diplomatic leverage of their own with the United States. They were aware that there was a possibility that the British and Americans who had been negotiating with the Russians might not have been allowed to pass the Russian passport. That was also why they were attempting to gain the diplomatic leverage of the American embassy.
President Trump’s anti-Russian stance and hostile attitude towards Russia, as we noted earlier, led to American officials making plans for other potential conflicts. On January 27th, Trump tweeted that Russia “should not be allowed to get to the stage where it can use its influence in our political system to further influence