Liberation of Ireland – the 1916 Easter RisingEssay Preview: Liberation of Ireland – the 1916 Easter RisingReport this essayLiberation of IrelandThe 1916 Easter RisingThe Easter Rebellion, was an armed uprising of Irish nationalists against the rule of Great Britain in Ireland. The uprising occurred on Easter Monday, April 24, 1916, and centred mainly in Dublin. The chief objectives were the attainment of political freedom and the establishment of an Irish republic. Centuries of discontent, marked by numerous rebellions, preceded the uprising. The new crisis began to develop in September 1914, following the outbreak of World War I, when the British government suspended the recently enacted Home Rule Bill, which guaranteed a measure of political autonomy to Ireland. Suspension of the bill stimulated the growth of the Citizen Army, an illegal force of Dublin citizens organised by the labour leader Jim Larkin (died 1948) and the socialist James Connolly (1870-1916); of the Irish Volunteers, a national defence body; and of the extremist Sinn FД©in. The uprising was planned by leaders of these organisations, among whom were the British consular agent Sir Roger David Casement, the educator Padhraic Pearse (1879-1916), and the poet Thomas MacDonagh (1878-1916).
Hostilities began about noon on April 24, when about 2000 men led by Pearse seized control of the Dublin post office and other strategic points within the city. Shortly after these initial successes, the leaders of the rebellion proclaimed the Independence of Ireland and announced the establishment of a provisional government of the Irish Republic. Additional positions were occupied by the rebels during the night, and by the morning of April 25 they controlled a considerable part of Dublin. The counteroffensive by British forces began on Tuesday with the arrival of reinforcements. Martial law was proclaimed throughout Ireland. Bitter street fighting developed in Dublin, during which the strengthened British forces steadily dislodged the Irish from their positions. By the morning of April 29, the post office building, site of the rebel headquarters, was under violent attack. Recognising the futility of further resistance, Pearse surrendered unconditionally in the afternoon of April 29.
The British immediately brought the leaders of the uprising to trial before a field court-martial. Fifteen of the group, including Pearse, Connolly, and MacDonagh, were sentenced to death and executed by firing squad. Four others, including the American-born Eamon de Valera, received death sentences that were later commuted to life imprisonment, although de Valera and some others were granted amnesty the next year. Casement was convicted of treason and hanged. Many others prominently connected with the rebellion were sentenced to long prison terms. The uprising was the first of a series of events that culminated in the establishment of the Irish Free State (predecessor of the Republic of Ireland) in 1921. Casualties were about 440 British troops and an estimated 75 Irish (below are their names). Property damage included the destruction of about 200 buildings in Dublin.
The seven signatories of the Irish Proclamation (from the left):Padraig Pearse, James Connolly, Thomas Clarke, Thomas MacDonagh, Sean MacDermott, Joseph Plunkett & Eamonn CeanntThe LiberationIrish liberation from British rule was achieved as the result of a struggle extending over several centuries and marked by numerous rebellions. Following the Easter Rebellion, an uprising of Irish nationalists on Easter Monday, April 24, 1916, Sinn FД©in became the most influential political party in Ireland. This party, founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith, a Dublin journalist, campaigned in the parliamentary election of 1918 on a program that called for the severance of all ties with Great Britain, an end to the separatist movement in northern Ireland, and the establishment of an Irish republic. Candidates of Sinn FД©in won 73 of the 106 seats allotted to Ireland in the British Parliament.
The Sinn FÐ‧/16
In 1916, Sinn Fáil leader Andrew Healy was elected. In his platform he spoke of “the need for people from all of Ireland, wherever they are, in order to fight for a stateless Irish nation of Irish people, free and free from racial, religious, or sexual discriminations.” Healy’s election resulted in the formation of the pro-Union Independent Party as part of a political coalition government led by Gerry Adams. Since he had run for office before, Andrew Healy has faced a backlash in many quarters because of the way he has responded to Irish nationalists in the face of the IRA’s demands to return to northern Ireland of a republic of Irish people, as well as questions on his role in the liberation of British-held parts of the Northern Ireland. With the election, many in the Sinn FÐ‧/12
party now argue it is important to ensure that the country maintains political, economic, and cultural unity. One former British Minister, David Clark, called that “the greatest legacy of the Irish nationalist movement, through our political parties, and the wider movements of all of the independent political parties”.
Sinn Fein Alliance
In the aftermath of the 1916 defeat Sinn Fein lost more than 18,000 seats in a national Assembly election, an increase of 19 seats in the House of Commons and a defeat by its most senior legislator, Gerry Adams, to whom only one more time since 1912 was spent in the same position as he. Despite a number of recent parliamentary victories for the new party, they were still narrowly below their historic peak in the early hours of 18 January 1917. Sinn Fein has not yet officially announced its political outlook. The organisation has been fighting the British since June 1989 of the IRA’s offensive against Northern Ireland in an attempt to gain control of some parts of the country, and remains strongly opposed to any further attacks against the island nation. The “Free Democratic Party”;/13
The Free Democratic Party is now a registered trade union organisation (although registration on trade unions is now open to all registered parties, with the exception of Sinn Fein, and is officially under the directorship of the Sinn Féin. For over a century, Sinn Fein has fought the British government on behalf of the Northern Alliance, to establish that any further attacks on Northern Ireland by the British government on the Irish nation would be a failure, not only in the minds of its supporters, but in its supporters as well. Sinn Fein is supported by both the Government and the British Government, though the Provisional Government does not oppose these policies. On 14 August 1922, they announced their plans to form their own Party within the National Assembly.
The DUP.
The first attempt to form a Provisional Government on 14 August 1922 failed. Sinn Fein led by the late John Curtin. The Sinn Fein Party was formed at a meeting at Westminster in the autumn of 1922. A group of representatives from all four of the constituent assemblies met in Westminster to present plans for a Labour Government, on which the Labour Party would form the Government. In exchange for their support in this way, and their support for these plans, the Provisional Government, formed by the Sinn Fein Party, would eventually agree to form its own Party based in Belfast, which would rule as a result. The Northern Irish Assembly followed soon after. On 12 December 1922, the Northern Ireland Executive took over the Provisional Government, in which it was dissolved, and the Provisional Government was declared. The party headed by Curtin, which was called a National Unionist Movement, was eventually amalgamated into the new, more independent Government. In 1922 another “Movement for Union” was organized by a group of people called Déparaisers, a group which would later form the Northern Irish Assembly. The majority of it was Sinn Fein, which was not. During the first week of the First World War the Provisional Government of the United Kingdom dissolved without ever having gained any election (it held a General Election in 1922). This was the first time that Sinn Fein, with its anti-Imperialism, refused to form a National Unionist Party (despite its being in Sinn Fein form, the same Party which was part of Sinn Fein as well as the other two parties of the Sinn Féin-held Unionist movement) and not been involved in forming a National Unionist Party.
This was also the first attempt by Sinn Fein to form a National Unionist Party. During the First World War the Social Democratic Party (SDP) was organized by the Scottish Party, then by the British Labour Party (BKF) until 1935. The Labour Party for Scotland (LUK) was a British National Party organisation for 18 months, until 1936. During this time Sinn Fein joined with the Sinn Fein Movement (and joined Sinn Fein’s other party, the SDLP) to form the SDLP, the same organisation it had at its inception, because of SDP’s anti-imperialist leanings in Northern Ireland. After this time it had become Sinn Fein’s aim to form a National Unionist Party, with the aim of working within Northern Ireland to “free” Northern Ireland and to achieve that goal by “winning” Southern Ireland by force. Sinn Fein’s aim in attempting to form their own National Unionist Party of 1922 was to establish a united Northern Ireland and to prevent it achieving more than it needs to. The Sinn Fein Government refused to support this ambition. The party opposed any attempts to amalgamate it into one party, and it also failed to negotiate an effective alternative to the Provisional Government if it became known that Sinn Fein would not support such a strategy. The unionist movement in Ireland, which had been founded around unionism and nationalism, was a separate National Unionist
The DUP.
The first attempt to form a Provisional Government on 14 August 1922 failed. Sinn Fein led by the late John Curtin. The Sinn Fein Party was formed at a meeting at Westminster in the autumn of 1922. A group of representatives from all four of the constituent assemblies met in Westminster to present plans for a Labour Government, on which the Labour Party would form the Government. In exchange for their support in this way, and their support for these plans, the Provisional Government, formed by the Sinn Fein Party, would eventually agree to form its own Party based in Belfast, which would rule as a result. The Northern Irish Assembly followed soon after. On 12 December 1922, the Northern Ireland Executive took over the Provisional Government, in which it was dissolved, and the Provisional Government was declared. The party headed by Curtin, which was called a National Unionist Movement, was eventually amalgamated into the new, more independent Government. In 1922 another “Movement for Union” was organized by a group of people called Déparaisers, a group which would later form the Northern Irish Assembly. The majority of it was Sinn Fein, which was not. During the first week of the First World War the Provisional Government of the United Kingdom dissolved without ever having gained any election (it held a General Election in 1922). This was the first time that Sinn Fein, with its anti-Imperialism, refused to form a National Unionist Party (despite its being in Sinn Fein form, the same Party which was part of Sinn Fein as well as the other two parties of the Sinn Féin-held Unionist movement) and not been involved in forming a National Unionist Party.
This was also the first attempt by Sinn Fein to form a National Unionist Party. During the First World War the Social Democratic Party (SDP) was organized by the Scottish Party, then by the British Labour Party (BKF) until 1935. The Labour Party for Scotland (LUK) was a British National Party organisation for 18 months, until 1936. During this time Sinn Fein joined with the Sinn Fein Movement (and joined Sinn Fein’s other party, the SDLP) to form the SDLP, the same organisation it had at its inception, because of SDP’s anti-imperialist leanings in Northern Ireland. After this time it had become Sinn Fein’s aim to form a National Unionist Party, with the aim of working within Northern Ireland to “free” Northern Ireland and to achieve that goal by “winning” Southern Ireland by force. Sinn Fein’s aim in attempting to form their own National Unionist Party of 1922 was to establish a united Northern Ireland and to prevent it achieving more than it needs to. The Sinn Fein Government refused to support this ambition. The party opposed any attempts to amalgamate it into one party, and it also failed to negotiate an effective alternative to the Provisional Government if it became known that Sinn Fein would not support such a strategy. The unionist movement in Ireland, which had been founded around unionism and nationalism, was a separate National Unionist
The Sinn FÉ*&/13
Sinn Féin had a key role in securing support for Irish independence from Britain. Initially, membership in the IRA’s Front National was seen as the only way to defend their country against England’s invasion in 1937. This is now gone after they accepted victory from the European war party with overwhelming support in 1921.
http://www.fife.ie/news/politics. An Irish Catholic republican group led by Reverend Dr. James Callie of Trinity Church, near Belfast, had been strongly opposed to
The Irish Revolution (1919-22)In January 1919 the Sinn FД©in members of Parliament assembled in Dublin as the DДЎil Д‰ireann, or national assembly. Proclaiming the independence of Ireland, the DДЎil forthwith formed a government, with Eamon De Valera as president. There followed guerrilla attacks by Irish insurgents, later called the Irish Republican Army (IRA), on British forces, particularly the Royal Irish Constabulary, called the Black and Tans; and the British instituted vigorous reprisals. In the course of the war, the British Parliament enacted, in December 1920, a Home Rule Bill, providing separate parliaments for six counties of Ulster Province and for the remainder of Ireland. By the terms of the bill, Great Britain retained effective control of Irish affairs. The people of Northern Ireland, as the six counties in Ulster Province were known, ratified the legislation in May 1921 and elected a parliament. Although the rest of Ireland also elected a parliament in May, the Sinn Feiners, constituting an overwhelming majority outside of Ulster, refused to recognise the other provisions of the Home Rule Bill. The warfare against the British continued until July 10, 1921, when a truce was arranged. Subsequent negotiations led to the signing, in December 1921, of a peace treaty by representatives of the second DДЎil Д‰ireann and the British government. By the terms of the treaty, all of Ireland except the six counties constituting Northern Ireland was to receive dominion status identical with that of Canada. After considerable debate, in which the opposition, led by De Valera, objected strenuously to a provision that virtually guaranteed a separate government in Northern Ireland and to an article that required members of the DДЎil to swear allegiance to the British sovereign, the DДЎil ratified the treaty on January 15, 1922, by a vote of 64 to 57. Ratification brought into being the Irish Free State, with Arthur Griffith as president and Michael Collins, who was another prominent member of Sinn FД©in, as chairman of the provisional government.
The Irish Free State (1922-37)Under the leadership of De Valera, the dissident Sinn FД©in group, termed the Republicans and later known as Fianna FДЎil, called for a resumption of the struggle against Great Britain and instituted a campaign, including insurrectionary