Upper and Lower Gi Tract NutritionModule 2: Upper and Lower GI NutritionWhat is the relationship between certain foods and LES pressure?The lower esophageal sphincter is the last part of the esophagus, which prevents reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. Certain foods may be caused by derangement of the swallowing mechanism, obstruction, inflammation, or abnormal sphincter function. There are many disorders that can cause symptoms and consequences due to the types of food you eat. For example: GERD, Hiatal hernia, cancer of esophagus, Dyspepsia, or Gastric ulcer.
What might lead to decreased saliva production in a patient, and what is done to deal with this situation?If a patient is diagnosed with cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, or esophagus this may cause more problems with nutrition and eating difficulties. Once surgery has been performed sometimes it is necessary to use tube feeding and an artificial salvia solution or frequent consumption of fluids to prevent a dry mouth.
Discuss the major differences between gastric and duodenal ulcers?Gastric ulcers occur in mostly along the lesser curvature of the stomach. They are typically associated with the widespread gastritis. With a gastric ulcer, hemorrhage and overall mortality are higher. Duodenal ulcers are characterized by increased acid secretion, nocturnal acid secretion, and decreased bicarbonate secretion. Most occur within the first few centimeters of the duodenal bulb, right below pylorus. Gastric outlet obstructions are more common and gastric metaplasia may occur.
What is dumping syndrome, what are the stages? In what types of patients do you see this condition? The dietary modifications needed to minimize the problems?
Dumping syndrome is a complex physiologic response to the rapid emptying of hypertonic contents into the duodenum and jejunum.StageTime occursSymptomsWhy this happensEarlydumping10 to 20 minutesAbdominal fullness and nausea (1st). Flushing, rapid heart beat, sweating, faintness.Distention of small bowel from foods and modest fluid shift from systematic circulation into sm. Intestine.Intermediate20 to more than hourBloating, flatulence, cramps, and diarrhea.Increased malabsorption of carbohydrates1 to 3 hoursPerspire, anxious, weak, shaky, hungry, or trouble concentratingAlimentary hypoglycemia, rise in insulin levels and decline in blood glucose levelsWhat should be eliminated from the diet for PUD, and why?They should avoid nutrient deficiencies may offer protection. The excessive use of specific spices, alcohol, and coffee should
Determining Risk:Frequently these are known.The PUD is the most widely consumed form of drug injection.In order to prevent and treat a PUD, one must get out of the office without changing the use conditions. Many drug and alcohol abusers use PUDs, and often seek help with medication. The drugs or alcohol they take, or the lack of it, do not prevent the PUD but their effects may be more severe. These include increased muscle tension, increased pulse rate and/or decreased blood volume, increased urination and diarrhea, etc… These effects appear to decrease in those who switch to a PUD. This will generally occur when the drug or alcohol becomes too heavy.The fact that PUDs prevent other diseases and/or conditions, however, may not prevent the use of PUDs.