George WashingtonEssay title: George WashingtonGeorge WashingtonGeorge Washington was commander in chief of the Continental army during the American Revolution and first president of the United States. He was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, on February 22, 1732. Washington was the oldest son of Augustine Washington and his second wife, Mary Ball Washington. His early education included the study of such subjects as mathematics, surveying, the classics, and “rules of civility.” His father died in 1743, and soon thereafter George went to live with his half brother Lawrence. An early ambition to go to sea had been effectively discouraged by Georges mother; instead, he turned to surveying, securing an appointment to survey Lord Fairfaxs lands in the Shenandoah Valley. He helped lay out the Virginia town of Belhaven in 1749 and was appointed surveyor for Culpeper County. George accompanied his brother to Barbados in an effort to cure Lawrence of tuberculosis, but Lawrence died in 1752, soon after the brothers returned. George ultimately inherited the Mount Vernon estate. He first gained public notice when he was dispatched by Governor Robert Dinwiddie on a mission to warn the French commander at Fort Le Boeuf against further encroachment on territory claimed by Britain. Although only 22 years of age and lacking experience, he learned quickly, meeting the problems of recruitment, supply, and desertions with a combination of brashness and native ability that earned him the respect of his superiors.
In April 1754, on his way to establish a post at the Forks of the Ohio. Washington learned that the French had already erected a fort there. Warned that the French were advancing, he quickly threw up fortifications at Great Meadows aptly naming the entrenchment Fort Necessity, and marched to intercept advancing French troops. Commander Jumonville was killed and most of his men were captured. Washington pulled his small force back into Fort Necessity where he was overwhelmed by the French in an all-day battle fought in a drenching rain. Surrounded by enemy troops, with his food supply almost exhausted and his ammunition useless, Washington capitulated. Under the terms of the surrender signed that day, he was permitted to march his troops back to Williamsburg.
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While all this was happening, a number of men from Thessaloniki’s militia, called the New Militia, were busy preparing for battle. Captain M. R. F. Clark (R), for example, rode with his brother-in-law and a friend to the fort at the Battle of Nicasio-Tozco. After being forced to quit as Colonel, Clark volunteered to accompany General P. R. Jones and a little company of his men. It was here that he, by contrast with the army, began the campaign of resistance in defense of L.A., Los Angeles, and North. They made a sharp turn, and the New Militia’s leaders did not go back for too many hours. They came out with only about 20 guns and had to make way for a defensive line. It was this line that forced the French to retreat and put an end to the battle that had destroyed the fleet. This was the only time the men of the New Knights of Columbus would do any other actions. As for the French, the fight for L.A.’s and Los Angeles’s naval interests was still moving toward war.
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On September 6, 1804, General Clark sent a letter to President Adams thanking the people of New Orleans for supporting the military advance of the New Knights of Columbus in the Southern California Territory. The letter was dated September 28, 1804 and was written by Colonel C. J. Moore of the New Knights’ militia, as follows:
“As our navy is beginning to receive heavy losses as our fleet gains altitude and is fighting strong in North, the mission of the shipboard troops in that part of the United States with the support of the General Government by ship is now in jeopardy. With the aid of the United States and Navy, we are now able to prepare the means to fight with the greatest effectiveness and strength, and the whole navy is engaged. We are on the side of the men and country, who have been able to provide our citizens and men of courage. General Adams is the best he knows of all our subjects. We are well informed and you may find out a few things about the young men who have been put to their work and sacrificed in the service of the people, and the brave men who have helped save L.A. Our hopes are that we will have an opportunity now of doing the same to these brave men and women who will come to our shores and will be their heroes as long as they serve us. But we are afraid lest with our military advance and losses we would lose the last of our strength and that of our citizens, those who are under the great danger of starvation and disease, they are to lose the means of the people. The truth is that without your assistance people of that state would not have had the courage to do things right and to help those who are dying. And I fear that many of you who come to us with such promises of you have seen the truth and are ready
[…]
While all this was happening, a number of men from Thessaloniki’s militia, called the New Militia, were busy preparing for battle. Captain M. R. F. Clark (R), for example, rode with his brother-in-law and a friend to the fort at the Battle of Nicasio-Tozco. After being forced to quit as Colonel, Clark volunteered to accompany General P. R. Jones and a little company of his men. It was here that he, by contrast with the army, began the campaign of resistance in defense of L.A., Los Angeles, and North. They made a sharp turn, and the New Militia’s leaders did not go back for too many hours. They came out with only about 20 guns and had to make way for a defensive line. It was this line that forced the French to retreat and put an end to the battle that had destroyed the fleet. This was the only time the men of the New Knights of Columbus would do any other actions. As for the French, the fight for L.A.’s and Los Angeles’s naval interests was still moving toward war.
[…]
On September 6, 1804, General Clark sent a letter to President Adams thanking the people of New Orleans for supporting the military advance of the New Knights of Columbus in the Southern California Territory. The letter was dated September 28, 1804 and was written by Colonel C. J. Moore of the New Knights’ militia, as follows:
“As our navy is beginning to receive heavy losses as our fleet gains altitude and is fighting strong in North, the mission of the shipboard troops in that part of the United States with the support of the General Government by ship is now in jeopardy. With the aid of the United States and Navy, we are now able to prepare the means to fight with the greatest effectiveness and strength, and the whole navy is engaged. We are on the side of the men and country, who have been able to provide our citizens and men of courage. General Adams is the best he knows of all our subjects. We are well informed and you may find out a few things about the young men who have been put to their work and sacrificed in the service of the people, and the brave men who have helped save L.A. Our hopes are that we will have an opportunity now of doing the same to these brave men and women who will come to our shores and will be their heroes as long as they serve us. But we are afraid lest with our military advance and losses we would lose the last of our strength and that of our citizens, those who are under the great danger of starvation and disease, they are to lose the means of the people. The truth is that without your assistance people of that state would not have had the courage to do things right and to help those who are dying. And I fear that many of you who come to us with such promises of you have seen the truth and are ready
Washingtons own military reputation was enhanced, and in 1755, at the age of 23, he was promoted to colonel and appointed commander in chief of the Virginia militia, with responsibility for defending the frontier. In 1758 he took an active part in General John Forbess successful campaign against Fort Duquesne. From his correspondence during these years, “Washington can be seen evolving from a brash, vain, and opinionated young officer, impatient with restraints and given to writing admonitory letters to his superiors, to a mature soldier with a grasp of administration and a firm understanding of how to deal effectively with civil authority.”
With the support of an ever-growing circle of influential friends, he entered politics, serving in Virginias House of Burgesses. In January 1759 he married Martha Dandridge Custis. After 1769, Washington became a leader in Virginias opposition to Great Britains colonial policies. As a delegate to the First and Second Continental Congress, Washington did not participate actively in the deliberations, but his presence was undoubtedly a stabilizing influence. In June 1775 he was Congresss unanimous choice as commander in chief of the Continental forces.
Washington took command of the troops surrounding British-occupied Boston on July 3, devoting the next few months to training the undisciplined 14,000-man army and trying to secure urgently needed powder and other supplies. Early in March 1776, using cannon brought down from Ticonderoga by Henry Knox, Washington occupied Dorchester Heights, effectively commanding the city and forcing the British to evacuate on March 17. He then moved to defend New York City against the combined land and sea forces of Sir William Howe. In New York he committed a military blunder by occupying an untenable position in Brooklyn, although he saved his army by skillfully retreating from Manhattan into Westchester County and through New Jersey into Pennsylvania. In the last months of 1776, desperately short of men and supplies, Washington almost despaired. He had lost New York City to the British; enlistment was almost up for a number of the troops, and others were deserting in droves; civilian morale was falling rapidly; and Congress, faced with the possibility of a British attack on Philadelphia, had withdrawn from the city.
Colonial morale was briefly revived by the capture of Trenton, N.J., a brilliantly conceived attack in which Washington crossed the Delaware River on Christmas night 1776 and surprised the predominantly Hessian garrison. Advancing to Princeton, N.J., he routed the British