Herodotus Vs Thucydides
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Herodotus and Thucydides are the first two ancient Greek historians whose works are available to us. They are known not only known for writing first account of ancient Greek history, but also, each in his own way, for shaping the future of history writing.
Herodotus was born ca 484 BC. The latest references he makes in his Histories are to the beginning of the Peloponnesian War1, but we do not know his exact date of death.
The fact that he starts out his history with mythological accounts from the beginning of Greece and goes up to the Persian Wars means that Herodotus could not have been a reliable source of most of the events described in his book.
Even having dismissed the mythological part of the Histories, he was only a little boy at the time when the other (real) events took place and could not have remembered them well.
This means that he probably acquired his data from a third souce, e.g., the veterans of the Second Persian War. Even though we can expect this data to be quite accurate, it had most likely been altered in the minds of people who liked to preserve their glorious past.
On the contrary, Thucydides work is based on events he had experienced himself. The main theme of his history is the Peloponnesian War, the war between Athens, Sparta and their allies that went on from 431 to 404 BC. He was born between 460-455 BC and died ca 400 BC. This makes it clear that Thucydides wrote about the events of his own time, taking notes along the way and polishing his work later.
Herodotus is not being linear in his writings. Book VII of The Histories, for example, is mainly about the Second Persian War, with references to the beginning of the Peloponnesian War2, with a few comments on events of which the historian “spoke a while ago”3.
Thucydides history, on the contrary, is remarkably linear, even though not perfect either4. He avoids skipping ahead to tell us the ending of the incident he is talking about. He would rather keep the chronology straight and make the final episode known when its proper time comes. The accounts of Pausanias5 and the narrative of Alcidas fleet6 are good examples of such a maintenance of chronology.
Thucydides introduction is substantially longer than the one of Herodotus. While the latter simply introduces himself and states the goal of his writing, the former goes into more detail describing his reasons for writing the history and the methods he used. He even comments on the problems he was not able to work out, e.g., the alteration of speeches, which his memory could not have preserved exactly7.
Both historians start out their histories with introducing themselves by their name and the birthplace as: “Herodotus of Halicarnassus” and “Thucydides, an Athenian”. Even though “the mention of the authors name and country