Child Labour- Beedi Industry
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Table of Contents
TABLE OF STATUTES
TABLE OF CASES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS:
METHODOLOGY:
RESEARCHABLE QUESTIONS:
CHAPTERIZATION:
SOURCES OF DATA:
BEEDI INDUSTRY IN INDIA: THE GROUND REALITY
BEEDI INDUSTRY IN INDIA: SCOPE AND MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM
How does pledging of children in the beedi industry take place?
BEEDI INDUSTRY IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF INDIA
Vellore
Tirunelveli (Tamil Nadu)
Tiruchirapalli
North Arcot
Trichur
THE BEEDI INDUSTRY: A CLOSER LOOK
SOME BASIC PROBLEMS FACED BY THE CHILDREN IN THE BEEDI INDUSTRY
THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK
LEGAL REGIME GOVERNING BIDI INDUSTRY WITH SPECIFIC REFENCE TO CHILDREN EMPLOYED IN SUCH INDUSTRY
THE CHILD LABOUR (PROHIBITION AND REGULATION) ACT, 1986:
THE BIDI AND CIGAR WORKERS (CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT) ACT, 1966:
WHY THE ACT HAS NOT BEEN EFFECTIVE?
THE BIDI WORKERS WELFARE FUND ACT, 1976:
MINIMUM WAGES ACT, 1948:
LIMITS TO LEGAL ACTION :
CASE REVIEW:
SOCIAL AND OTHER NON-ECONOMIC ISSUES
INDIVIDUAL MODULE BY PUJA SONDHI AND DEVASHISH KRISHAN
SOCIAL PROFILE OF THE WORKERS
Costs of doing beedi rolling:
Benefits of beedi rolling:
LEVELS OF SOCIAL ORGANISATION
SOLUTIONS OFFERED
ECONOMIC ISSUES
INDIVIDUAL MODULE BY AMAN AHLUWALIA AND SAMEER SINGH
WAGES AND CONDITIONS OF WORK
State Wise rates of Minimum wages in beedi industry fixed under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948
PASSBOOKS – BENEFITS FOR BEEDI WORKERS
NON-APPLICABILITY OF EMPLOYERS PROVIDENT FUND AND EMPLOYERS STATE INSURANCE SCHEMES
SYSTEM OF ENGAGEMENT OF BEEDI WORKERS THROUGH LABOUR CONTRACTORS
Chhat/Rejection of Sub-standard Beedies
The Law
The Reality
Overstatement of the potential of raw material resulting in a loss for the workers
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
THE BIDI-CIGARATTE CONTROVERSY
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ANNEXURE I
ANNEXURE II
ANNEXURE III
ANNEXURE IV
ANNEXURE V
ANNEXURE VI
Table of Statutes
THE BIDI AND CIGAR WORKERS (CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT) ACT, 1966.
THE BIDI WORKERS WELFARE FUND ACT, 1976.
THE CHILD LABOUR (PROHIBITION AND REGULATION) ACT, 1986.
THE MINIMUM WAGES ACT, 1948.
Table of Cases
Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India and others, 1986 (Supp) SCC 553.
Labourers Working on Salal Hydro Project v. State of Jammu and Kashmir and Others, (1983) 2 SCC. 181Kishen Patnayak and another v. State of Orissa, AIR 1989 SC 677.
MC Mehta v. State of Tamil Nadu and others, AIR 1991 SC 417.
Peoples Union for Democratic Rights (PUDR) v. Union of India and Others, AIR 1982 SC 1473.
Rajangam, Secretary, District Bidi Workers Union v. State of Tamil Nadu and others, (1992) 1 SCC 221.
Acknowledgements
This research paper has been made possible by the invaluable contributions and assistance offered by several people. At the very outset, we would like to mention some of the people whose involvement has helped us enormously in our field work as well as structuring of this paper.
The Concerned For Working Children organised our stay in Kundapur and arranged for our visits to the various villages. We are extremely grateful to Ms. Nandana Reddy for the arrangements she made. The field work we conducted would not have been possible without the infrastructure provided by CWC. In Kundapur, Mr. Ganapathy was of great assistance and his inputs helped determine our own perspective. We would also like to acknowledge the contribution of Mr. Venkatesh, who accompanied us to all the villages, in his capacity as translator.
Finally, we find it necessary to mention that this paper would simply not have been possible without the guidance and supervision of Prof. Babu Mathew, who not only helped select the area of field work but also assisted us in framing the structure for this research paper.
Introduction and Methodology
As India marches towards the new millenium boasting of economic growth and development, visions of child